海角大神

As internet advocates, security analysts, and activists scan the horizon for聽policy implications of Donald Trump's forthcoming presidency, many are聽concerned about the future of America's surveillance apparatus.

Consider these tweets:

Tweets like these reflect worries among many cybersecurity observers and progressive activists. Mr. Trump's campaign gave them plenty of pause, from his聽promises to ban聽Muslim immigration聽 that "a lot of people would be willing to give up some privacy in order to have more safety."

Now that Trump has won,聽nervous hand-wringing has turned into practical consideration of whether journalists, activists, and ordinary Americans should lock down online communications.聽There's already聽聽services聽and a聽, a聽secure messaging tool.

"Eight years of George W. Bush followed by eight years of Obama have allowed Trump to inherit a powerful surveillance state," says Eva Galperin, global policy analyst for the digital advocacy group Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). "He is likely to turn that surveillance on American citizens, especially people of color, Muslims, and his political enemies."

That surveillance capacity could聽include tools similar to聽, a clandestine聽National Security Agency (NSA) program to collect and analyze private internet communications and phone records. After former NSA contractor Edward Snowden exposed details about PRISM and聽other surveillance practices, the US faced domestic and international backlash over its data collection programs.聽As a result, Congress passed聽the USA Freedom Act in 2015 that to American surveillance powers.

And while the Obama administration came under fire from聽privacy advocates and politicians over the lengths that law enforcement can 鈥� or should 鈥� go to intercept and collect Americans' data, that debate largely remains unsettled.

That鈥檚 why the election is so concerning to Shauna Dillavou, founder of CommunityRed, a nonprofit that supports the digital security of activists and journalists to promote free speech around the world. Ms. Dillavou's organization works in a dozen countries helping people protect communications from authoritarian regimes.聽In the US, CommunityRed's work primarily focuses on protecting feminist and environmental activists.

"We know the capabilities of PRISM continue, and the data is kept forever," she says. "All the major commercial platforms [like Google, Facebook, and Twitter] now have a far greater possibility of handing over info to the federal government than there has ever been."

Benjamin Wittes, a Brookings Institution fellow and cofounder of the Lawfare blog, is less concerned about the prospect for NSA abuse. "The intelligence community, particularly the NSA, is much less amenable to abuse than people think it is," says Mr. Wittes. "Because it is operating under a really complex statutory scheme."

But that doesn't mean activists have nothing to worry about, according to Wittes. , he detailed some of the potential dangers of a Trump presidency.

"The civil liberties community is way too focused on the surveillance architecture," he says. "And not focused enough on the direct instruments by which certain types of repression occur, like prosecution and civil litigation."

Those mechanisms of repression may not even lie with the government itself.

"I think the bigger threat is the way [Trump] pits us against one another," says Dillavou of CommunityRed. "America has elected someone who normalizes hate and empowers bigotry ... . Demonstrations of bigotry are going to permeate social media."

For those feeling anxious after the election, tech experts say there are some simple measures that can help people exercise their political voice while聽insulating themselves from potential surveillance. For instance, the EFF maintains a , which includes specific tips for activists.

"One of the ways you can protect the contents of communications from the kind of surveillance the NSA does, and which we fear may be given over the hands of the FBI, is using end-to-end encrypted communications," Ms. Galperin says. For encrypted text messaging, she recommends such encrypted chat apps as Signal.

Dillavou suggests that activists who travel in and out of the US take steps to secure their computers and other digital devices. For example, she said, before arriving at the security line, "make sure your computer is off, that you have full-disk encryption on, and that it needs a password. They can ask you to turn it on, but can't compel you to enter your password."

She also recommends activists聽disconnect their cellphones from as many accounts as possible when traveling, and use a separate email address that only has recent messages 鈥� so that potential spies聽can't get access to your entire email history.

These are some of the steps that activists have long taken in countries where surveillance is more widespread. Journalists or dissidents in Russia, China, or Saudi Arabia, for instance, are all too familiar with guarding their activities or sources from eavesdropping government agents or police.

"One of the things we see over and over [in other countries] is that people who stick their necks out too far are the people who [are victims of cyberattacks], whose funders get approached and told they have to register in this country if they want to continue funding, who get visits from government officials," says Dillavou of CommunityRed.

But in a new era of online vitriol, she says anyone who thinks about expressing an opinion on the web聽should take precautions.

She recommends that concerned internet users conduct a "personal audit of what's out there about you. Look to see what's out there about you by googling your name ... . 聽Look at what's there online. Do everything in your power to hide your physical address. Make sure that location services don鈥檛 show your habits 鈥� for example, don鈥檛 save your home address on your Google maps app."

While it's unknown if there will be an uptick in surveillance activities under Mr. Trump's administration, many internet users are readying themselves for that possibility. If anything,聽Trump could be the president who聽finally聽gets Americans to protect their own digital privacy.