海角大神

Other than a few聽, voting systems Tuesday appeared to run smoothly. Election Day concerns聽that malicious hackers might聽tamper with voting, after a presidential season marked by digital attacks, didn't materialize. But that wasn't the biggest surprise of the night. That honor went to聽President-elect聽Donald Trump, whose win stunned pollsters and pundits alike.

So, what does Mr. Trump's聽victory mean聽for cybersecurity? There are already some indications.聽

"To truly make America safe, we truly have to make cybersecurity a major priority," Trump in October, adding that cyberattacks from other countries including "China, Russia, and North Korea constitute one of our most critical national security concerns."聽

聽promises an "immediate review" of the country's "cyberdefenses and vulnerabilities" including within US critical infrastructure, which includes the energy and banking sectors. He pledged to create task forces to respond to digital threats throughout the country 鈥� and get recommendations on how to enhance the military's Cyber Command with "with a focus on both offense and defense."

Still,聽Trump may need to brush聽up cybersecurity聽issues when he's in office.聽聽to a question on cybersecurity at a September debate 鈥� in which he invoked his 10-year-old son's prowess with computers and聽inadvertently started an internet meme by calling digital threats "the cyber" 鈥� was widely dismissed by the tech press as ""聽and "."

There are also important questions about how a聽future President Trump will engage with those on the front lines of intelligence gathering in cyberspace.聽

During his campaign, he refused to blame Russia for hacking US political organizations.聽That position contradicted US聽intelligence officials, prominent cybersecurity researchers who investigated the hacks, and even his own senior military adviser retired Army lieutenant general Michael Flynn, who all said聽there was enough evidence to blame Moscow.聽

Instead, Trump offered up his own idea that聽China or "someone sitting on their bed that weighs 400 pounds" may have been responsible.

There are also lingering questions about what聽Trump's election means for the US quest to forge international norms for cyberspace聽in the Digital Age. Trump drew outrage from critics when he went聽so far as to encourage Russia 鈥撀爄f its intelligence services had indeed hacked his opponent Hillary Clinton's email server 鈥撀爐o publish the data it聽might have stolen.聽

"Russia, if you鈥檙e listening,"聽, "I hope you鈥檙e able to find the 30,000 emails that are missing. I think you will probably be rewarded mightily by our press."聽聽reported at the time that this call was聽"essentially urging a foreign adversary to conduct cyberespionage against a former secretary of state."

Now that Trump will soon hold the Oval Office, 聽there could be consequences for remarks made in the frenzy of a heated campaign: "Trump's election may herald an era of Russian free rein ...聽the prospect that Russia will face no US punishment for its behavior, something experts fear will embolden President Vladimir Putin and his regime to keep mounting cyberattacks around the globe."

Trump's election may also renew聽the encryption fight that went unresolved during the Obama administration. Trump went so far as to聽聽of Apple for its stance on encryption as it pledged to fight a court's ruling to help the FBI unlock the iPhone used by the shooter in the San Bernardino terror attack.

His antiencryption stance, says security researcher Jonathan Zdziarski, adds urgency to the need for people to adopt encryption:

In the remaining months of Obama's presidency, digital rights advocacy groups are making a final play for the current commander-in-chief to rein in the government's spying powers 鈥� a rallying point since former National Security Agency contractor-turned-whistleblower Edward Snowden exposed sweeping surveillance programs in 2013.

Yet, as noted privacy advocate and author Cory Doctorow , "The seven years of GW Bush-after-9/11 gave us the foundations for a surveillance state that was one madman away from totalitarianism.聽Then, eight years of Obama operationalized that surveillance state, gave it the competent administrators and diverse stakeholders 鈥� local police, international partners, military-industrial contractors with fat lobbying budgets 鈥� that it needs to sustain itself indefinitely."聽

Now, he adds, Trump will inherit control "over a surveillance arsenal that includes聽the legal authority to spy on all of us, all the time ... and a hoard of聽deadly technological vulnerabilities聽in tools we all rely upon that America has weaponized to attack its enemies,聽even if that means leaving Americans undefended聽against criminals, nihilist griefers, and foreign state and industrial spies." (Mr. Doctorow views him as unfit聽for the responsibility.)

So some advocates 聽of tech advocacy group Fight for the Future want to see Obama take action before Trump takes office:聽