海角大神

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As global leaders gather for the G-20 summit, they鈥檙e likely to discuss ways to peacefully reduce tensions between the U.S. and Iran. How might they do that? 聽

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If the U.S. and Iran can avoid violent conflict in the weeks ahead, it will mean the voices of peace have become stronger than the voices for confrontation. In the U.S., such voices are obvious. They start with President Donald Trump鈥檚 political base. It wants a focus on domestic issues, not foreign wars.

But in Iran, where open debate and political freedom are highly restricted, where are the voices for peace?

One clue lies in a government decision this month to set up special courts to fast-track the trials of women who have publicly defied the Islamic dress code by not wearing a hijab. Starting nearly two years ago, countless women have taken off the veil in purposeful displays of defiance. Their message: Telling women what to wear on their heads is like telling them what to think in their heads. The crackdown on this latest type of protest hints at a regime more worried about its survival at home than its survival in a war with the U.S.

Since 2017, as Iran鈥檚 economy has nose-dived from drought, mismanagement, and U.S. sanctions, its people have agitated for a greater focus on internal reforms and less spending on Iran鈥檚 military proxies in Arab countries. Teacher strikes have risen. Workers and merchants have taken to the streets to protest economic hardship. An estimated 1 in 3 young Iranians is unemployed.

But it may be the Islamic Republic鈥檚 bans on social freedoms that are driving the most intense discontent, especially among young people who are tied to the world through the internet. In a recent anti-hijab protest at Tehran University, one popular video on Instagram showed demonstrators chanting 鈥淪tudents will die, but never accept humiliation.鈥�

Iran needs peace with its people, not only with the U.S. Last month, Mr. Trump鈥檚 special representative for Iran, Brian Hook, told Congress, 鈥淢uch of the energy that you see in聽Iran聽today is through the women鈥檚 movement and聽protesting聽the mandatory compulsory wearing of the hijab.鈥�

Under Iran鈥檚 hybrid democracy, in which candidates are vetted by Islamic clerics, young people have become frustrated with the regime鈥檚 priorities. 鈥淔or the first time in our society, a large percentage of the people have come to the conclusion that nothing will change whether they vote or not,鈥� says activist Mostafa Tajzadeh, a former deputy interior minister. 鈥淲hen the people realized that the ballot boxes were ineffective, they decided that the only way to speak to the ruling establishment was from the streets.鈥�

Protests still can drive changes in Iran. In 2015, Iran agreed to suspend the country鈥檚 nuclear program, in large part to appease a restless population. He called his decision 鈥渉eroic flexibility.鈥� Now women are on the frontlines of protests. They may be the voices of peace that help prevent a war with the U.S.