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Does reform come from the bottom up or top down? Often, it's both. Iceland is in the forefront of using the second option 鈥� a new law 鈥� to upend a particularly entrenched problem with accountability.聽

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This is a case where there's a lot in a name. The French group at the forefront of fighting stereotypical images of heavier people underscores its "nonconformist" sensibility with a musically appealing title: Allegro Fortissimo.聽

If you鈥檙e reading this on a smartphone or tablet, especially an iPhone or iPad, we鈥檒l try to keep it short.

You see, two of the biggest investors in Apple sent a letter to the tech giant last week asking it to look at the negative effects of its products on users, principally excessive screen time among children and teens.

Such public concerns shared by investors about the social consequences of technology on youths may be a first for Silicon Valley. The shareholders, a hedge fund and a teachers鈥� benefits organization, wrote that it is no secret 鈥渢hat social media sites and applications for which the iPhone and iPad are a primary gateway are usually designed to be as addictive and time-consuming as possible, as many of their original creators have publicly acknowledged.鈥�

The letter asks Apple to have a more sensitive approach to children and to provide better tools to help parents guide their kids. 鈥淲e believe the long-term health of its youngest customers and the health of society, our economy and the company itself are inextricably linked,鈥� the investors stated. (Apple responded by saying it is committed to 鈥渆xceeding our customers鈥� expectations, especially when it comes to protecting kids.鈥�)

The letter echoes a rising chorus around the world about the impact of the digital industry on young people 鈥� even though many tech firms such as Facebook already have various safeguards in place.

Last week, the World Health Organization listed 鈥済aming disorder鈥� as a mental health condition, in which excessive video gaming is seen as taking 鈥減recedence over other life interests.鈥� South Korea bans access for children under 16 to online games between midnight and 6 a.m. France is weighing a measure to require children under 16 to obtain their parents鈥� approval to open an account on social media sites. It already plans to ban any use of mobile phones by students in primary and middle schools.

And last November, Britain鈥檚 health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, called on social media and technology companies 鈥渢o show us how they can be the solution to the issue of mental ill health among teenagers, and not the cause of the problem.鈥�

Such calls for reform are not a Luddite rejection of technology but fundamentally an embrace of the innocence of children and a desire to enhance their capacity to self-regulate and to guard their consciousness.

They also point to the need for a closer look at how children really use their devices.

A recent study from the University of Oxford found that children primarily use such technology to enhance their daily activities, such as homework. 鈥淧eople think that children are addicted to technology and in front of these screens 24/7, to the exclusion of other activities 鈥� and we now know that is not the case,鈥� says researcher Killian Mullan.聽

In addition, adults need to react carefully to their concerns. A study out of the University of Chicago found that teens who voluntarily take breaks from social media fare better in their friendships than teens whose devices are taken away from them.

The solutions may lie less in Silicon Valley and more in society鈥檚 attention to the inherent abilities of children.

鈥淲e should promote children鈥檚 critical spirit and their ability to analyze and distance themselves from over-using their phones,鈥� Rachel Delacour, co-president of industry body France Digital, tells the Financial Times.

Actually, right now may be a good time to take a break from your screen ... and think on these things.