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A 2010 study finds on standardized reading tests in all 50 states. A 2014 report finds that as boys. And a 2015 report finds on tests of reading ability, a gap that has existed for decades.

In youth education and publishing, it's an established fact: boys don't read as much as girls.

British novelist Nick Hornby knows a thing or two about this - he has boys of his own.

鈥淚 have boys, and boys are particularly resistant to reading books,"

His novel solution? Some carefully placed reverse psychology.

鈥淚 had some success recently with Sherman Alexie鈥檚 great young adult novel 鈥楾he Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian鈥� 鈥� I told my son it was highly inappropriate for him, and one of the most banned books in America," he said. 鈥淭hat got his attention, and he raced through it.鈥�

Perhaps that's no surprise, says Lucy Macnab, co-founder, with Hornby, of a creative writing and mentoring center in London. She says children are drawn to "gruesome and gory" details in books.

"The most popular and long lasting fairy tales are really gruesome and gory in some ways and I think that鈥檚 what inspires curiosity in children," she says. "As long as they are curious, you鈥檝e got them hooked.鈥�

Why do boys lag behind girls in reading? A number of theories attempt to answer the question.聽

According to one theory, girls' brains are more verbally oriented, often making reading skills easier for them, while boys' brains are visually oriented. Another theory is that boys are more physically restless than girls.

One theory suggests parents read more to girls than to boys. In fact, according to one study, young girls are more likely to be taken to libraries than are boys, are more likely to own books than are boys, and are more likely to be read to for longer periods of time than boys,

Yet another study suggests "girls are more likely to in books and often equate fiction with reading for pleasure," which may lead girls to be more inclined to read and enjoy literary fiction.

Given these theories, Hornby, in fact, is on to something. Some educators advise encouraging boys to read using alternate, even counterintuitive methods, like Hornby's.

One way is for parents, and especially dads, to set an example by reading a variety of materials - books, magazines, newspapers, and more.

",""Expand your definition of reading. Magazines, blogs, websites, comic books, and other materials are often more interesting to boys than classic novels because they feature shorter chunks of text, which are more appealing to many boys."

Along the same lines, reading doesn't just have to take place in a book - if boys are more inclined to read on a tablet or listen to an audiobook, let them.

Finally, says Great Schools, leverage their natural interest - whether it's frogs, cars, or space travel, by guiding them to books on the subject.