海角大神

How 1973 US-backed coup in Chile sways views on Venezuela today

The women quilting around a large table at the Association of Families of the Detained-Disappeared banter quietly about mundane topics 鈥� an upcoming holiday, a child鈥檚 antics 鈥� as they wield their needles and scissors.

But when the conversation turns to United States military intervention in Venezuela, a distant South American neighbor, the tone sharpens.

鈥淭he United States of Trump is putting its eagle鈥檚 talons into another country that dares do things it doesn鈥檛 like,鈥� says Claudia Lara, stitching a brightly colored panel depicting a street protest. 鈥淲e in Chile know about those talons. It was the CIA and the U.S. military that took away our democracy and gave us a dictatorship.鈥�

She is referring to the 1973 military coup that toppled the democratically elected Socialist President Salvador Allende with the covert guidance of the CIA and U.S. military assistance. The coup resulted in Mr. Allende鈥檚 assassination in the presidential palace, and plunged Chile into almost 17 years of military dictatorship.

Today, there is news of U.S. military strikes on alleged drug-trafficking boats off the coast of Venezuela, and President Donald Trump鈥檚 authorization of the CIA to carry out operations inside Venezuela. Here in Chile, memories of the U.S.-engineered dictatorship are fresh enough that these developments are producing intense 鈥� and sharply disparate 鈥� reactions.

Across the region, similar debates are taking place. For more than 100 years, the U.S. was ever-present in Latin American affairs 鈥� often behind the scenes. And in countries where Washington intervened militarily 鈥� not just Chile, but in Argentina, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, and others 鈥� knock-on effects sometimes lasted generations.

But there is widespread disdain for Venezuela鈥檚 regime 鈥� and especially for authoritarian leader Nicol谩s Maduro鈥檚 economic incompetence and restriction of democratic rights that have have sent millions of refugees into neighboring countries. That has left many people across the Americas deeply torn.

Roughly 50% of Latin Americans say they support U.S. intervention in Venezuela, according to an early poll by Brazilian group AtlasIntel. But only 41% of respondents think intervention by the Trump administration would restore democracy there.

鈥淭hroughout Latin America, few would shed tears to see Maduro and his cronies swept out of power,鈥� says Cynthia Arnson, a Latin America expert currently teaching at Universidad de los Andes in Bogota.

On the other hand, she adds, 鈥渢here鈥檚 not a great deal of appetite for regime change through military intervention. That brings up all sorts of ghosts from the past.鈥�

Maybe 鈥榡ust this once鈥�?

In Chile, most on the political left feel U.S. actions today represent an imperialist approach that has no place in the 21st century. Although few sympathize with Mr. Maduro, they oppose the United States carrying out regime change.

But among conservatives and older, well-off Chileans, opinions are often colored by the memory of an intervention they say saved the country from a socialist revolution, replacing it with a stable dictatorship that brought decades of prosperity.

鈥淭hat intervention was necessary,鈥� says Hugo Ortega, a retired Air Force staff sergeant who keeps a photo of former dictator Gen. Augusto Pinochet on the wall of his home in a working-class southern Santiago. 鈥淭he U.S. could do the same in Venezuela, reestablishing order and helping Venezuelans take back their democracy like a big brother helping a smaller sibling.鈥�

The idea of U.S. intervention is complicated by the wave of Venezuelans arriving in search of security and stability in recent years. Today there are about 800,000 Venezuelan immigrants in Chile 鈥� a proportion of the population that analyst Jorge Heine notes would be the equivalent of some 14 million Venezuelans landing in the United States.

Here, Venezuelans were initially received with sympathy, viewed among conservatives as political refugees from a communist dictatorship. But more recently, Venezuelan immigrants have been blamed for a rise in organized crime and gang violence.

For the women quilting at the Families of the Detained-Disappeared, the newcomers are mostly right-wing zealots who speak admiringly of Gen. Pinochet鈥檚 鈥渉ard hand.鈥�

鈥淭hey tell us we should be glad we had a coup that saved us from socialism,鈥� says Ana Delgado.

Ms. Lara, whose father disappeared under Gen. Pinochet, says Venezuelans make light of the trauma many experienced under military dictatorship. 鈥淭hey belittle our experience,鈥� she says.

Among Chilean young people, not yet born when Washington assisted Gen. Pinochet鈥檚 coup, the question of U.S. intervention in Venezuela elicits ambiguity.

Savka Segvich, a first-year political science major at Diego Portales University in Santiago, says she and her friends often discuss these issues with students from Venezuela. One friend told her, 鈥淲ell maybe it鈥檚 OK just this once,鈥� she says, of U.S. intervention.

Wrapping up an outdoor concert in Santiago鈥檚 Villa Francia district 鈥� a neighborhood synonymous with the repression of the Pinochet years 鈥� folk singer Charles Labra says the possible U.S. intervention in Venezuela has taken him back to his youth.

鈥淚 was 23 when the Pinochet police grabbed me and my brother, held us for a frightening period, and then released us with a warning to stop singing our songs,鈥� he says. He believes the Trump administration鈥檚 talk of intervention is a distraction from 鈥渨hat they鈥檙e really after鈥� 鈥� oil.

A few blocks away, Mr. Ortega, the retired Air Force veteran, says he remembers being a teenager and seeing food shortages and long lines for gas during the nearly three years that socialist President Allende was in power.

鈥淭hen Pinochet acted with the help of the U.S. to put an end to the chaos,鈥� he says.

鈥淚f a friend comes to help you restore order to your house,鈥� says Mr. Ortega. 鈥淚 think that鈥檚 a good thing.鈥�