海角大神

Finns, rightly or wrongly, are known for many things: their reticence, their efficiency, and minding their own business and asking others to do the same.

That last part may no longer be valid as the country copes with an unprecedented influx of migrants. As of Nov. 1, Finland has seen more than 27,000 asylum seekers stream across its borders this year 鈥� the fourth largest intake of any European country in proportionate terms聽鈥� putting the once hidebound country鈥檚 nerves, as well as its vaunted social contract, to the test.

鈥淭he overload took us all aback,鈥� concedes Pekka Hyvonen, the Foreign Ministry鈥檚 newly appointed senior adviser on migration. 鈥淪uddenly the numbers were 10-fold what we saw last year. We were forced to improvise.鈥�

But where until recently Finns had a reputation for being xenophobic 鈥� in part because of the hostile treatment accorded the wave of Somali refugees who arrived in the mid-1990s and found themselves shunned by both government and citizenry 鈥� today Finland is endeavoring to set an example for how to deal with refugees in a calm and organized way, even in the wake of the Paris attacks. Some even suggest that the Finnish character itself is morphing, as Finns become more tolerant of immigrants.

'Adaptive and flexible'

By most accounts, the Finnish response has markedly improved.

鈥淟ike the rest of Europe, Finland was not prepared for the refugee crisis, either in practical terms or political ones,鈥� says Eddy Hawkins, an American journalist working for YLE, the Finnish Broadcasting System. 鈥淗owever, unlike elsewhere, the Finns very quickly formulated a response and started dealing with it in a methodical and measured manner. Registration hot-spots were set up. The basic needs of asylum seekers were met.鈥� More than 70 reception centers were established around the country.

Where the government led, the Finnish people seem to have followed. Although there have been a number of anti-asylum seeker incidents聽鈥� including, most recently and seriously, the stabbing of an Iraqi asylum seeker by a native Finn last Wednesday聽鈥� Finland has not seen the sort of violence that has taken place in Sweden, where several asylum seeker centers have been put to torch.

鈥淭he latest wave of asylum seekers is testing our society in an unprecedented way,鈥� says Petteri Orpo, the Finnish minister of the interior. 鈥淏ut these past few months have also proven Finnish society to be adaptive and flexible.鈥�

To be sure, not all has been sweetness and light. In August, most Finns polled said that they would rather live next to an alcohol rehabilitation center than a mosque. And in September, after the head of the Finnish Lutheran Church urged churchgoers to take in refugees, several hundred members resigned. There also have been grumblings about the expense of taking in so many refugees at a time of extended recession.

Further, there have been a number of incidents, including by two Afghan asylum seekers this week, that could foreshadow a turn in the Finnish mood.

Still, thus far, discordant voices have been in the minority, and the government has avoided hasty reactions, even to the Paris attacks. While Sweden raised its terror alert to the highest level after the attacks, the Finnish Security Police refused an increase in Finland.

A change in character?

Some observers, like Mr. Hawkins, even suggest that the Finnish character is changing in response the crisis.

鈥淔inland is on the periphery of Europe, the population and culture largely homogeneous,鈥� he says. 鈥淔inns themselves are personally hospitable, however for various reasons聽鈥� the climate, and more recently the poor economy聽鈥� it has never much appealed to or drawn many immigrants. Frankly, many Finns are uncomfortable with immigrants, not because of some inbred prejudice or malice, but because of the lack of a social model for how to deal with groups of 鈥榦thers.鈥欌��

鈥淭his, though,鈥� contends Hawkins, who has lived in Finland for 40 years, 鈥渋s changing rapidly.鈥�

For his part, Timo Soini, the Finnish foreign minister and head of the right-wing Finns Party, has remained in step with the government's message. Though his party is known for its anti-immigrant views, it has not broken with its coalition partners.

鈥淭errorism and the refugee crisis should not be confused with one another,鈥� Mr. Soini told a meeting of EU foreign ministers in Brussels two weeks ago. 鈥淭here is a danger that innocent people fleeing tyranny and terrorism will come under suspicion.鈥�

In the meantime, support for the Finns Party, within which Soini has come under fire for hewing to the government鈥檚 鈥渂e cool鈥� message, has remained frozen at 11 percent, 6.5 points below its showing in parliamentary elections last spring.

By contrast, the anti-immigrant Swedish Democrats have, according to the most recent polls, become that country鈥檚 most popular party. Though Sweden, it should be noted, has taken in more than 160,000 refugees this year, far more than Finland.

Logistical limits

Still, as government officials stress, Finland has only passed the first test, that of welcoming and processing the new arrivals in a reasonable and efficient way. The bigger test 鈥� that of integrating those asylum seekers whose applications are ultimately accepted (approximately half, according to the Ministry of Interior鈥檚 estimate) 鈥� remains.

Finnish officials also stress that the country will not be able to cope with the kind of numbers it has seen recently for much longer. The Ministry of Interior has declared that it could no longer guarantee new arrivals the same high-quality reception centers as before.

鈥淲e are approaching our logistical limits, and people should know that,鈥� said Mr. Hyvonen. 鈥淗owever that does not mean that we are approaching the limits of our tolerance.鈥�

鈥淭he situation divides opinion, and it is not and won鈥檛 be smooth sailing,鈥� says Interior Minister Orpo, who represents the center-right National Coalition Party, 鈥渉owever despite the differing political leanings within the government coalition we have worked well together and been able to make swift and difficult decisions. On the whole, I think we have coped well.鈥�