海角大神

When New Zealand's most devastating earthquake in 80 years struck聽Christchurch in 2011 the toppled bell tower and rock-strewn lawn of the聽city's iconic cathedral became a powerful symbol of the scale of聽devastation.

Today, nearly three years later, the media crews have long departed but the聽cathedral looks nearly identical.

In some ways the 132-year old cathedral, which was the city's namesake and long served as its architectural centerpiece, has emerged as a proxy in the debate聽over how best to rebuild from the 6.3 magnitude temblor that killed 185 and聽caused an estimated $30 billion worth of damage.

Few dispute that the edifice is "far more than just a building," in the words of Alex Bremner, a senior lecturer in architectural history at聽Edinburgh University in Scotland, who has written extensively about it. But聽opinion is sharply divided on how the city should recreate its stairway to聽heaven.

The cathedral is frozen in its 2011 state as a legal battle works its way聽through the New Zealand courts over whether the building should be restored聽or torn down and completely redesigned. The church wants to tear down and聽rebuild. A group of American supporters and local activists want it聽restored.

Christchurch reconstruction聽

There are similar debates across Christchurch, New Zealand's second-largest聽city. While the government created a national agency to oversee聽reconstruction, there have been legal battles over everything from the聽creation of a red zone that closed the city center for 857 days, to property聽owners' claims against insurance companies.

Roughly 3.5 percent of the city's population left after the earthquake,聽according to government statistics, and more than 17,000 homes were ruled to聽be in the red zone or uninhabitable. Half of the buildings in the city's聽center were demolished and the number of homeless may have doubled during聽that period, according to the Ministry of Business, Innovation and聽Employment.

The Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA) has outlined a plan for聽a bustling new center, with a vibrant restaurant and nightlife. It also聽plans on building a major sports facility and a cricket oval that will host聽matches during the 2015 cricket world cup. This past year the population聽increased slightly in Christchurch for the first time since the earthquake.

CERA has not weighed in on their preference for the future of the Christ聽Church Cathedral, which, in whatever architectural style it takes, will聽remain at the heart of the city center. Last month the New Zealand Supreme聽Court declined to hear one of three cases about the Cathedral, allowing the聽church鹿s plans for demolition and rebuilding in a new, modern style to聽proceed for now. Future legal action in one of the other cases could reverse聽the decision.

Restoration advocates

Those who oppose the court ruling, and who brought all three legal suits,聽aren't giving up hope.

One of the biggest advocates of a restoration of the cathedral to its former聽Gothic Revival style is Marcus Brandt, an American and self-described聽Kiwiphile who has adopted New Zealand as a kind of second cultural home聽after a few visits to the country.

The idea for restoration first came to him as he sat glued to his computer聽screen watching reports of the initial carnage. As he watched, Mr. Brandt's聽thoughts went to the Amish barn-raising ceremonies in his native聽Pennsylvania and the powerful role these events can sometimes play in binding together a community.

Brandt, a master carpenter and stonemason and instructor on traditional聽building skills at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pa., joined forces with聽The Christchurch Buildings Trust, a group of citizens who want to restore聽the significant buildings in the city in general, and the cathedral in聽particular.

Brandt and the Trust propose rebuilding the cathedral through donated聽services from master builders around the world. Scores of stained glass聽artisans, timber frame carpenters, and stonemasons from Britain, Canada, and聽the US, the trust says, have already agreed to do pro-bono work to help聽prefabricate the heavy timber sections of the steeple.

The trust is headed by two former national politicians and old political聽foes, Jim Anderton and Philip Burdon, who have joined forces, they say, out聽of a love for their city's heritage and because they believe Brandt's offer聽is too good to refuse. [Editor's note: The original version of this story misspelled Philip Burdon's last name.]

"It's utterly unique," Mr. Burdon says, "for a group to be offering the聽city something as special as this only to have had the gesture thwarted."

A different vision

Leaders of the cathedral have a different vision. The church has declined聽Brandt's proposal and its bishop, Victoria Matthews, says she wants to see聽the landmark edifice replaced with an entirely contemporary new building,聽which the church believes will be safer, less expensive, and better in tune聽with the times.聽Public-opinion surveys suggest at least half the city may be with her.

Matthews did not respond to an interview request. In a statement, she聽welcomed the latest decision, saying that the church was "grateful to be聽able to move forward with our plans."

In the meantime, Christ Church Cathedral congregants are holding services in聽a $6 million "cardboard cathedral" in nearby Latimer Square. The building,聽made from 98 giant cardboard tubes coated with waterproof polyurethane, uses聽stained glass from the original structure, and is built to last for more than聽a decade.