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When Rex Tillerson arrived an hour late to his first day on the job as secretary of State Thursday, he told assembled State Department employees that the National Prayer Breakfast he鈥檇 attended was to blame.

It seemed that 鈥渢his year,鈥� he said in his Texas drawl, 鈥減eople felt the need to pray a little longer.鈥�

Perhaps Mr. Tillerson felt the need for a little extra prayer himself.

With the president who nominated him badgering allies over the phone and on Twitter, with hundreds of diplomats signing a 鈥渄issent channel" memo to express their dismay at recent executive orders on immigration and refugees 鈥� moreover, with a national security team in place at the White House that seems primed to bypass and overrule anything the State Department might advise 鈥� the nation鈥檚 new top diplomat faces an almost impossibly complex and daunting job.

鈥淚t鈥檚 practically unprecedented, the situation he鈥檚 coming into, at the department itself and then with everything President Trump has managed to put on the table in just two weeks,鈥� says Wayne White, a former US diplomat who was deputy director of the State Department鈥檚 Middle East intelligence office.

Most of the State Department鈥檚 75,000 employees at home and abroad just want to do their jobs effectively and will look to Tillerson for direction and inspiration, Mr. White says. But he adds that whether 鈥渢he new guy,鈥� as Tillerson dubbed himself Thursday, is just a good manager largely sidelined in foreign-policy making, or a commanding force globally, will depend largely on the relationship he develops with the White House.

鈥淗ow he manages to work with Trump & Co. 鈥� that will determine his strength, both in the building and outside around the world,鈥� White says.

No one doubts the former ExxonMobil CEO鈥檚 management skills, his ability to move smoothly in powerful circles, or his know-how in cutting international deals. As Tillerson puts it: When Mr. Trump picked him 鈥� a lifelong businessman with no formal diplomatic experience 鈥� his wife, Renda, told him:聽鈥淵ou didn鈥檛 know it, but you were in a 41-year training program for this job.鈥�

Tillerson also takes his new job with less than robust support in Congress, having squeaked through the Senate on a 56-43 confirmation vote 鈥� the narrowest for a secretary of State in at least a half-century.

Vital relationships

But while developing a working relationship with Congress and managing the State Department may be one thing, experts say, imposing oneself at the White House and carrying the day on policy is quite another.

鈥淭he most important factor in determining if a secretary of State will be successful or not is his or her relationship with the president,鈥� says Karl Inderfurth, a former assistant secretary of State for South Asian affairs. 鈥淲ithout that strong tie, the secretary ends up an outlier on policymaking.鈥�

But almost as important, he adds, is the secretary of State鈥檚 relationship with the foreign policy advisers the president has chosen to surround him on a daily basis.

鈥淭he key to Tillerson鈥檚 effectiveness with the president will be his relationship with the national security staff,鈥� says Mr. Inderfurth, who is now an adjunct professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in Washington. 鈥淗ow is Tillerson going to create the absolutely essential relationship with President Trump when there are those closer to the president with stronger and sometimes extreme views that they want to see carry the day?鈥�

Tillerson鈥檚 moderately drawn-out confirmation effort gave Trump time to build and consolidate a White House national security team that looks to many experts like Fort Knox 鈥� not so easy to penetrate. Early White House decisions and priorities suggest four principal players are setting the agenda: retired Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn, the national security adviser; Trump鈥檚 domestic political adviser, Steve Bannon 鈥� whom Trump elevated to a permanent seat on the National Security Council with an executive order; and Trump鈥檚 son-in-law, Jared Kushner.

Trump鈥檚 chief of staff, Reince Priebus, completes the quartet of key advisers, close White House observers say.

Spheres of influence

General Flynn made it clear he intends to handle Iran policy when he publicly put Iran 鈥渙n notice鈥� this week over its ballistic missile testing and the White House announced Friday new sanctions on Iran. Mr. Kushner is said to have put dibs on Mexico affairs and Israeli-Palestinian issues.

It certainly isn鈥檛 unheard of for the secretary of State to be the odd man out in foreign-policy making 鈥� just ask Colin Powell, who was sidelined to the State Department while the White House national security team plotted war on Iraq. President Nixon鈥檚 first secretary of State, William Rogers, 鈥渨as totally out of the loop on the breakthrough with China until after it happened,鈥� Inderfurth notes.

The Trump White House has also wasted little time in airing its disregard for the State Department and its thousands of nonpolitical foreign-service officers. When nearly 1,000 US diplomats signed a 鈥渄issent channel鈥� memo expressing their opposition to Trump鈥檚 orders suspending refugee resettlement and placing a temporary travel ban on seven Muslim-majority countries, White House reaction was swift and public.

鈥淚 think they can either get with the program or go,鈥� White House spokesman Sean Spicer told reporters at a White House briefing, either unaware or unimpressed that the dissent channel is a decades-old provision for career diplomats to express disagreement with policy.

Another challenge Tillerson faces as America鈥檚 top envoy to the world is Trump鈥檚 attack-dog approach to other leaders, including some allies. The president sent shock waves around the world this week when he got belligerent with Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull over an Obama administration refugee agreement and then abruptly ended their phone call. Earlier Trump told Mexican President Enrique Pe帽a Nieto over the phone that he might send US troops across the border if Mexico didn鈥檛 round up its 鈥渂ad hombres鈥� on its own.

High cost of travel

With much of the world rattled by Trump鈥檚 鈥渢ough鈥� style, Tillerson might want to set off overseas soon to smooth ruffled feathers. But Inderfurth cautions the new secretary of State against too much time out of Washington 鈥� and away from the White House 鈥� if he wants to play a determining role in steering US foreign policy.

鈥淭illerson is going to need to do a reassurance swing through Europe and with other key allies, but he鈥檒l also have to keep in mind that while he鈥檚 away, the White House mice will play,鈥� he says. 鈥淓veryone who knows Trump says the last person he speaks to is the most influential on a decision, so it will work against Tillerson if he鈥檚 not only not in the White House, but often out of town.鈥�

One big clue as to whether Tillerson intends to assert the State Department鈥檚 role in foreign policy will come when he fills the top positions around him, including deputy secretary.

鈥淚f he brings in a lot of political appointees from outside the diplomatic ranks, that鈥檚 not going to go over well inside the department and he鈥檒l start off with a lack of trust,鈥� says White, an adjunct scholar at the Middle East Institute in Washington.

At the same time, Tillerson will be hamstrung from the outset if he allows the White House to pick the people who fill the top slots.

鈥淚f he doesn鈥檛 have the authority to pick his own team, if he鈥檚 forced to take the people the White House wants in those key positions,鈥� Inderfurth says, 鈥渋t will be a real sign of the ground rules he set in accepting the job 鈥� and the kind of secretary of State he鈥檚 going to be.鈥�