海角大神

Climate change may seem to many of us a challenge too daunting to tackle directly through our own actions. But there is one small change each of us can do to play our part 鈥� shifting our diets to be healthier and more environmentally sustainable.聽

The type of food we choose to eat makes up a big part of our personal carbon footprint. The meat and dairy that make up 22 percent聽of developed world diets are responsible for emitting large amounts of greenhouse gases, particularly methane and nitrous oxide. But there is a food group which is highly nutritious, rich in protein and essential micronutrients, with a tiny carbon footprint. Pulses.聽

An understated food group, pulses include common beans, chickpeas, faba bean, dried peas and lentils, and have an extraordinary range of health and environmental benefits. 聽

,聽since they don鈥檛 require nitrogen fertilizers (a main component of nitrogen fertilizer is natural gas, a fossil fuel). With a unique ability to 鈥渇ix鈥� nitrogen from the atmosphere, pulses are able to directly draw nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into nutrients vital for plant growth. Growing pulses makes soils fertile, reducing need of fertilizer for even for other crops.

In addition, pulses are highly water efficient.聽聽43 gallons of water to grow a pound of pulses, compared to a whopping 1857 gallons for beef! By the year 2030, demand for fresh water is expected to increase聽by聽,聽and agriculture alone accounts for around 70 percent聽of freshwater use globally. Pulses are the most water-efficient source of protein聽foods.

Meat consumption per capita has more than doubled in the developing world since 1963, while pulse consumption has dropped by almost 50 percent聽over the same period.聽聽As consumers, by swapping out meat a few times a week and replacing them with pulses, we can substantially reduce our carbon footprint. With virtually no fat, pulses are high in essential micronutrients such as iron, zinc, potassium, magnesium and selenium, dietary fiber, and 鈥榞ood鈥� carbohydrates. To top it all, they are a rich source of protein 鈥� three times more than cereals like wheat and rice.

The Climate Clock is Ticking

With climate change, crop resilience to rising temperatures and droughts will become very important for continued food and nutrition security. While pulses are already relatively climate-hardy, they are being developed to be more tolerant to these conditions. For example, the Kabuli chickpea, 鈥楪okce鈥�, developed by International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) with Turkish national scientists聽聽in Turkey back in 2007 and grew when most other crops聽. Similarly, heat-tolerant faba bean and chickpea lines, being developed by ICARDA scientists in research partnership with Sudan, can withstand temperatures as high as 40 degree Celsius which is important to cope with global warming.

In the dryland areas where ICARDA鈥檚 research is focussed, 12 million hectares of productive land聽is lost every year聽due to soil degradation 鈥� that鈥檚 an area about the size of Greece or Bangladesh, so pulses are an important part our strategy for increasing land productivity. 聽

Pulses for the Future

It is clear that pulses are an incredible food and deserve greater attention in both our consumption and production. Pulses crops have not seen the jump in yields as have cereal crops in the past few decades from improved technologies. In the developing countries, there is still a聽聽for pulses 鈥� 25-60 percent聽less than their attainable yield. 聽

This gap can be bridged if more funds for research are made available.聽Improving the supply of pulses would also keep prices affordable for many for whom animal protein is out of reach 鈥� we must not forget that around 805 million people in the world are still undernourished, and that pulses are the main source of protein for millions of people, including the 360 million vegetarians in India alone.

For these many reasons, the United Nations has declared 2016 as the聽聽(IYP 2016).聽Now is the time to to incorporate more pulses into our own diets.

Lucky for us, in addition to being perfect foods in our fight against climate change, pulses also happen to be delicious and versatile. From falafel and hummus to bean patties, lentil curries, salads and soup, they are easy to make them a part of your daily diet. Check out the many dishes from all over the world you could be cooking tonight 鈥� from traditional stews to innovative salads, at聽.

Dr. Mahmoud Solh鈥� is the Director General of International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).

This article first appeared in .