海角大神

It鈥檚 not uncommon to hear American accents here. Many West Bank residents have lived in the United States or have family there. In U.S. election years, the accents are impossible to avoid.

In the days leading up to and following the November election, with TV sets and Facebook feeds dominated by coverage of the U.S. race and the vote-counting dramas, everyone seemed to be weighing in on the results and their impact on the occupied Palestinian territories.

A widely heard refrain in the West Bank has long been: 鈥淒emocrats or Republicans, they are all the same鈥� in their Mideast policies and approach to the Palestinians.

But this year many were desperate to see the back of a president who had pressured and boycotted Palestinian leadership, cut off U.S. aid and development projects, withdrawn funding from the United Nations鈥� Palestinian refugee agency, recognized Israeli sovereignty over occupied territories, moved the U.S. Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem, and was seen as a close ally and enabler of Benjamin Netanyahu, the Israeli right-wing prime minister.

Yet widespread relief among Palestinians in the West Bank over President Donald Trump鈥檚 defeat is giving way to rising skepticism over whether President-elect Joe Biden will have the ability or political will to reset bilateral relations dramatically altered by his predecessor.

While many Palestinians are eager to see the end of the current administration鈥檚 pressure campaign and a resumption of economic aid, they say more is needed than simply a repudiation of Mr. Trump鈥檚 policies or a return to the pre-2017 status quo.

Instead, they are calling for a deep recalibration of U.S.-Palestinian ties to unlock change in the region 鈥� a change many doubt a Biden administration can deliver.

Nevertheless, for the past few weeks, the relief on Ramallah鈥檚 streets has been palpable. Many see Mr. Biden鈥檚 win, for instance, as a decisive blow to Mr. Netanyahu鈥檚 threats to annex the Jordan Valley.

鈥淭he gray skies have cleared,鈥� declares Ahmed Zayed, a former Fatah member who peppers his remarks with English words delivered in a distinctly California accent.

鈥淭his is finally the end of Trump鈥檚 鈥榰ltimate deal,鈥欌�� he says, referring to the president鈥檚 much-touted Israeli-Palestinian peace plan. The deal pledged economic benefits for Palestinians in return for a pathway to a state, but on less land than provided for by pre-1967 borders 鈥� a formula widely rejected by the Palestinian public.

What can Biden change?

Yet with the rush of relief over Mr. Trump鈥檚 defeat beginning to fade, few are certain as to what exactly a President Biden can or will change in U.S.-Palestinian relations.

鈥淓veryone in the world is happy that Trump lost the election, but Biden will not undo the political achievements that Trump did for聽Netanyahu, especially on the recognition of Jerusalem [as Israel鈥檚 capital] or the embassy move,鈥� says Samir Idris, a former unionist and avowed leftist, who believes Palestinians鈥� U.S. election euphoria will be short-lived.

鈥淭he way I see it, Biden鈥檚 win has helped both the Palestinians and the Israelis; the return of [security] coordination between the Palestinian Authority and Israel will lead to economic relief for the PA and will relieve some pressure on Israel.鈥�

Yet Palestinians say the prospect of a return to a pre-Trump status-quo 鈥� one in which Palestinians and Israelis maintain a fraught security relationship amid settlement-building and cycles of promises for talks initiated by the U.S. that get no closer to a solution 鈥� is not the breakthrough needed.

鈥淧olitically, there is a clear difference between Biden and Trump, but for the Palestinians, they both favor Israel over us,鈥� says Mr. Zayed, who in his Fatah days was director-general of a Palestinian ministry, but today drives a taxi.聽

Sarah Abu Suraya, a 26-year-old schoolteacher from East Jerusalem, believes President Trump and Mr. Netanyahu created a new reality on the ground and established de facto Israeli sovereignty over the contested city and areas in the West Bank.

鈥淚 don鈥檛 think that changes on the ground will come anytime soon, especially not in Jerusalem,鈥� says Ms. Abu Suraya, who expects a Biden administration to return to a status quo of 鈥渕anaging the conflict鈥� between Palestinians and Israel rather than concrete diplomatic steps toward a solution.聽

鈥淎t the end of the day, this will take us back to the cycle of evasion and the endless process of relaunching bilateral talks,鈥� says Mr. Idris, the former union activist, waving his hands in the air in frustration.

Lingering disappointment

In a September pre-election survey by the Ramallah-based Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research, only 21% of Palestinians said they believed American policy would change for the better under a President Biden, while 34% said a Biden administration would 鈥渘ot change current American policies鈥� toward the Palestinians. And perhaps reflecting what many Palestinians say is lingering disappointment with the Obama administration, a plurality 鈥� 35% 鈥� even said American policy would be in fact worse under Mr. Biden.

The pessimism is not due to a lack of familiarity.

According to Ghassan Khatib, a pollster and political science professor at Birzeit University outside Ramallah, Palestinians closely follow U.S. political developments due to their direct impact on their daily lives.

The Palestinian public and leadership, he says, are hopeful Mr. Biden will vocally oppose the expansion of Jewish settlements and reverse the block on $230 million in annual aid and projects in the occupied territories, which could ignite a moribund economy in which West Bank joblessness hovers at 25%.

Yet few are optimistic that President-elect Biden can undo Mr. Trump鈥檚 recognition of Jerusalem as Israel鈥檚 capital 鈥� a historic U.S. shift that deprived the Palestinians of a diplomatic bargaining chip 鈥� or even successfully restart peace talks between Israelis and the Palestinians.

鈥淭he gap between Israelis and Palestinians is larger than the efforts that could bridge it,鈥� Professor Khatib says, noting the rightward shift in Israeli politics and the political mainstreaming of Israeli settler groups. 鈥淧alestinians cannot go back to talks without halting settlement activity, and Israel politically cannot stop its settlement activity.

鈥淲e are likely to go back to talking about resuming negotiations and holding meetings about talking 鈥� at most,鈥� he notes.

No magic wand

Hanan Ashrawi, a member of the Palestine Liberation Organization鈥檚 executive committee, says she has only modest expectations from Mr. Biden.

鈥淲e have a long wish list from the Biden administration because there has been a lot of damage,鈥� she says, 鈥渂ut Biden does not have a magic wand to unscramble the eggs鈥� broken by Mr. Trump鈥檚 dramatic altering of U.S. policy.

Leaders in Ramallah expect Mr. Biden to undo some of President Trump鈥檚 executive orders, but think he鈥檚 likely unwilling to take on more permanent changes that are popular in Congress, such as recognizing Jerusalem as Israel鈥檚 capital, location of the U.S. Embassy, and the shuttering of the PLO鈥檚 office in Washington.

The Palestinian Authority is eyeing economic relief from a resumption of U.S. aid that, along with the recent release of Palestinian tax revenues collected by Israel, could create breathing room for the leadership and perhaps boost public support for resuming bilateral negotiations with Israelis.聽

But rather than pushing for a shopping list of gestures from the Biden administration, Ms. Ashrawi and others say they are seeking a deep rethink of U.S.-Palestinian relations.

With Mr. Biden鈥檚 unveiling last week of a foreign-policy team full of Obama administration alumni, Palestinians see a return to a mainstream foreign-policy establishment that although not hostile to Palestinians is unlikely to deliver the reset in ties they view as critical.

Leaders say they are prepared to launch a dialogue with a U.S. audience more open to change, such as the progressive wing of the Democratic Party, in order to prod the moderate Biden administration.

鈥淭here has to be a candid and clear reassessment to forge a new relationship between us and the U.S. without going through Israel,鈥� Ms. Ashrawi says. 鈥淎 relationship without being based on what can we do for Israel, or how can we deliver for Israel. It has to be a whole new approach.鈥�