鈥楾elling the honest story鈥�: How good data deepens understanding
Integrity earns trust. The work of a Monitor graphics designer is to inform, not to persuade. That means sifting for stats that can help readers make up their own minds about complex stories, and sharing them with clarity.
A clear presentation of quality data can make a complex story digestible. The right set of charts can be the basis of greater understanding.听
Data visualization calls for smart聽digging and artful displaying. Those are聽two of Jake Turcotte鈥檚 main jobs at the Monitor.
鈥淟ooking for good data is a process,鈥� says Jake, a multimedia editor and director of graphics. 鈥淲hat we鈥檙e really looking for is primary source data. That is the gold standard for us.鈥� That means mining the output of trusted institutions and sometimes casting a wider net. It demands care.听
鈥淪ometimes data sources come with their own caveats,鈥� Jake says on the Monitor鈥檚 鈥淲hy We Wrote This鈥� podcast. 鈥淭he people who put it together, you know, what鈥檚 their motive? Is it informing, or is it convincing?鈥�
In telling honest stories, context matters. For example, 鈥渋t鈥檚 become a popular idea that America鈥檚 cities are more and more dangerous,鈥� Jake says. That鈥檚 supported by a five-year view. Zoom back, however, and you can see a decline from an early 鈥�90s peak.
鈥淲hat we鈥檙e trying to give readers is a toolbox that they can use to understand the world,鈥� Jake says, 鈥渁nd to refute arguments that are made dishonestly.鈥�
Show notes
Here鈥檚 a graphics-based story that Jake created in July on climate data and heat records:聽
Here are two other stories discussed in this episode, on guns and on city murder rates:聽
You can find links to all of Jake鈥檚 work on his staff bio page.听
Episode transcript
Clayton Collins: That鈥檚 the Monitor鈥檚 Jake Turcotte. You鈥檒l hear more about Jake in a minute.听
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Collins: For smart news consumers, credible, well-sourced data can amount to unimpeachable 鈥渢ruth.鈥� It can bring instant clarity, and fresh perspective, and 鈥淎ha!鈥� moments. Of course, there have also long been ways of bending data to make a desired point: Use percentages instead of low unit numbers, for example, and you can present a technically accurate data set that鈥檚 also fairly meaningless. And today, in what鈥檚 been called the era of post-truth and of misinformation and disinformation, honest data visualization has an especially important role in journalism.
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Collins: This is 鈥淲hy We Wrote This.鈥� I鈥檓 Clay Collins. Joining me today is Jake Turcotte, a multimedia editor, artist, and designer who regularly creates monitor graphics and data visualizations. Welcome, Jake.
Turcotte: 鈥奣hanks for having me.
Collins: Jake, what鈥檚 your standard for good data visualization, and where do you get your data?
Turcotte: 鈥奡o I think a good data story can really draw a reader in. It can distill something complex into something digestible, but also have more depth to explore.
Looking for good data is a process. It鈥檚 a lot of Googling. But what we鈥檙e really looking for is primary-source data. That is the gold standard for us. When we鈥檙e looking for information about U.S. populations, we look to the Census. On other issues you鈥檒l have to cast a wider net. And sometimes data sources come with their own caveats. The people who put it together, you know, what鈥檚 their motive? Is it informing or is it convincing? People might cherry pick data. People might color your perception by using 鈥� color. You know, we [often] interpret red as maybe a negative or a dangerous color, and blue as safe or good.听聽
The other most important thing we鈥檙e considering is how we鈥檙e using the data that we find. Just as in writing, there are a million ways to characterize the facts that you find. Context is key. I think about a story that we found via a press release some years ago about the Chesapeake Bay. The water quality was improving. As we looked into it further, it turns out that, yes, it did improve in the past year, but it鈥檚 been on this steady decline for the last 20 or 30 years. Another great example is, you know, it鈥檚 become a popular idea that America鈥檚 cities are more and more dangerous. And it鈥檚 true if you zoom out to the past five years, you can see a spike in violent crime in American cities. But that鈥檚 not the whole story. If you zoom out further, beyond the 鈥�90s, into the 鈥�80s, you can see that crime in American cities is way down from its peak in the early 鈥�90s. We need to make sure that we鈥檙e telling the honest story and not trying to hide in the details of the charts, [or] some sort of agenda.听
Collins: So, Jake, you鈥檙e a creative artist. I mean, are you able to find joy in the presentation of data? In what ways is it a joyful, creative outlet?
Turcotte: 鈥奍 think about the story we did last year about a wildfire in the Florida Panhandle and, its relationship to Hurricane Michael. So I went searching for some data about hurricane Michael鈥檚 2018 storm path and the location of the fire and the spread of the fire. And when I put the two datasets together, it was just perfect. It showed that this area where all these trees had been knocked down was exactly where this wildfire happened. And it was directly in the eye of the storm. It鈥檚 just a really happy thing when you have a theory about 鈥渋f we look for this and we look for that and we put them together, will it tell its story on its own?鈥� And when that happens, it just feels great.
Collins: That鈥檚 great. I鈥檓 thinking of some specific examples of really striking data presentations by you. And they feel irrefutable because of everything you said about the source data. There was one around mass shootings that showed a really clear drop in those shootings during the years of the U.S. assault rifle ban. But of course, facts today sometimes get refuted and denied when they don鈥檛 fit narratives. So I鈥檓 wondering are you hopeful that what you鈥檙e doing is going to land, and make a difference?聽
Turcotte: 鈥奧e receive feedback on our work all the time, from every corner of the ideological spectrum. Spectrums don鈥檛 have corners, do they?
Collins: [Laughs.]
Turcotte: Not everybody鈥檚 convinced, obviously, that things are true or factual. We are surrounded by misinformation, maliciously produced oftentimes. What we鈥檙e trying to give readers is a toolbox that they can use to understand the world, and to refute arguments that are made dishonestly.听
Collins: Mm-hm.听
Turcotte: 鈥奧e鈥檙e not trying to convince anybody of anything. We鈥檙e trying to show them to the best of our ability, the facts as we can best understand them.听
Collins: You say 鈥渇or us,鈥� and that brings me to the Monitor lens. As a news organization, we aim to provide calming context, but sometimes data presents a picture that鈥檚 stark or downright scary. This came up around your recent package about searing heat. There was a really red global map, and rightfully so. How do you reconcile that? What are the special guidelines to which you adhere as a Monitor journalist trying to add light to stories?
Turcotte: 鈥夾 lot of data is scary. And just as in news stories, the world can be a confusing place. But we always try to look for pieces of hope in the news. One form that we often use in these stories is to bundle charts together, and try and tell a full story by juxtaposing different pieces of the problem and possible solution. We often will conclude a chart series with a look toward the future: What would a solution to this issue look like? Who鈥檚 trying to solve this problem now? So one obvious example is the climate stories, and how can we reach this goal of limiting warming to a degree and a half or two degrees? And there鈥檚 not always a solution 鈥� a clear solution. But we have the opportunity to give readers some kind of hope, or even an idea of how they can contribute to a solution.听
Collins: You have a lot of go-to tools that you use in the creation of graphics. I鈥檓 wondering how you think emerging technology like generative AI will come into play. Does it have a role as a shortcut to good data amid all the dross? Or does it just mean you鈥檝e got more garbage to sift?
Turcotte: 鈥奍鈥檓 personally wary of trusting anything that any of these chat bots or search helpers say. I think that factually, it鈥檚 easy to prove them wrong often. But on the other hand, when it comes to finding data, something like a search assistant can help you find original primary sources, documents prepared by human beings that include numbers you鈥檙e looking for. So there actually is some time-saving involved there.
The other part of that is we鈥檙e writing for human beings. News that ... people can understand the world if they read it. And we鈥檙e trying to provide hope. And none of these AI tools are have people鈥檚 understanding in mind, or as a goal.听
Collins: Thank you, Jake, for the work that you do every day for the Monitor, and for coming in here to talk about it today.
Turcotte: 鈥奡ure. Thank you for having me.听
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Collins: 鈥奣o our listeners, thanks for being here. You can find the show notes with links to Jake鈥檚 work at CSMonitor.com/WhyWeWroteThis. This episode was hosted by me, Clay Collins, and produced by Jingnan Peng and Mackenzie Farkus. Our sound engineers were Tim Malone and Alyssa Britton, with original music by Noel Flatt. Please take a moment to rate and review us wherever you listen to podcasts. Produced by the 海角大神 Science Monitor. Copyright 2023.
