海角大神

US aid to Ukraine will help it fend off Russia. But victory still isn鈥檛 in sight.

The new $61 billion U.S. aid package will keep Ukraine from the brink, allowing it to release rationed ammunition and launch anti-aircraft missiles. But as Russia pushes forward, even small offensives may be outside Ukraine鈥檚 reach.

First Look

A big, new package of U.S. military aid will help Ukraine avoid defeat in its war with Russia. Winning will still be a long slog.

The arms and ammunition in the $61 billion military aid package should enable Ukraine to slow the Russian army鈥檚 bloody advances and block its strikes on troops and civilians. And it will buy Ukraine time 鈥� for long-term planning about how to take back the fifth of the country now under Russian control.

鈥淯ltimately it offers Ukraine the prospect of staying in the war this year,鈥� said Michael Clarke, visiting professor in war studies at King鈥檚 College London. 鈥淪ometimes in warfare you鈥檝e just got to stay in it. You鈥檝e just got to avoid being rolled over.鈥�

The U.S. House of Representatives approved the package on April 20 after months of delays by some Republicans wary of U.S. involvement overseas. It was passed by the Senate on April 23, and President Joe Biden signed it into law the next day.

The difference could be felt within days on the front line in eastern and southern Ukraine, where Russia鈥檚 much larger army has been slowly taking territory against massively outgunned Ukrainian forces.

The aid approval means Ukraine may be able to release artillery ammunition from dwindling stocks that it has been rationing. More equipment will come soon from American stocks in Poland and Germany, and later from the United States.

The first shipments are expected to arrive by the beginning of next week, said Davyd Arakhamia, a lawmaker with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy鈥檚 Servant of the People party.

But opposition lawmaker Vadym Ivchenko, a member of the Ukrainian parliament鈥檚 National Security, Defense and Intelligence Committee, said logistical challenges and bureaucracy could delay shipments to Ukraine by two to three months, and it would be even longer before they reach the front line.

While details of the shipments are classified, Ukraine鈥檚 most urgent needs are artillery shells to stop Russian troops from advancing, and anti-aircraft missiles to protect people and infrastructure from missiles, drones, and bombs.

What鈥檚 coming first is not always what front-line commanders need most, said Mr. Arakhamia, the Ukrainian lawmaker. He said that even a military giant like the U.S. does not have stockpiles of everything.

鈥淭he logic behind this first package was, you [the U.S.] finds our top priorities and then you see what you have in the warehouses,鈥� Mr. Arakhamia said. 鈥淎nd sometimes they do not match.鈥�

Hope for future breakthroughs for Ukraine still hangs on more timely deliveries of Western aid, lawmakers acknowledge.

Many experts believe that both Ukraine and Russia are exhausted by two years of war and won鈥檛 be able to mount a major offensive 鈥� one capable of making big strategic gains 鈥� until next year.

Still, Russia is pushing forward at several points along the 1,000-kilometer (600-mile) front, using tanks, wave after wave of infantry troops, and satellite-guided gliding bombs to pummel Ukrainian forces. Russia is also hitting power plants and pounding Ukraine鈥檚 second-largest city, Kharkiv, which is only about 30 kilometers (some 20 miles) from the Russian border.

Mr. Ivchenko said the goal for Ukraine鈥檚 forces now is to 鈥渉old the line鈥� until the bulk of new supplies arrive by mid-summer. Then, they can focus on trying to recapture territory recently lost in the Donetsk region.

鈥淎nd probably ... at the end of summer we鈥檒l see some movement, offensive movement of the Ukrainian armed forces,鈥� he said.

Some military experts doubt Ukraine has the resources to mount even small offensives very soon.

The U.S. funding 鈥渃an probably only help stabilize the Ukrainian position for this year and begin preparations for operations in 2025,鈥� said Matthew Savill, director of military sciences at the Royal United Services Institute, a think tank.

In the best-case scenario for Ukraine, the American aid will give commanders time to reorganize and train its army 鈥� applying lessons learned from its failed summer 2023 offensive. It may also galvanize Ukraine鈥檚 allies in Europe to increase aid.

鈥淪o this just wasn鈥檛 about Ukraine and the United States, this really affected our entire 51-country coalition,鈥� said U.S. Congressman Bill Keating, a Democrat who visited Kyiv on April 22 as part of a four-member congressional delegation.

Mr. Zelenskyy insists Ukraine鈥檚 war aim is to recapture all its territory from Russia 鈥� including Crimea, seized illegally in 2014. Even if the war ultimately ends through negotiation, as many experts believe, Ukraine wants to do that from as strong a position as possible.

Whatever happens on the battlefield, Ukraine still faces variables beyond its control.

Former U.S. President Donald Trump, who seeks to retake the White House in the November election, has said he would end the war within days of taking office. And the 27-nation Europe Union includes leaders like Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orb谩n and Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico, who have opposed arming Ukraine.

Ukraine鈥檚 allies have held back from supplying some arms out of concern about escalation or depleting their own stocks. Ukraine says that to win the war it needs longer-range missiles it could use for potentially game-changing operations such as cutting off occupied Crimea, where Russia鈥檚 Black Sea fleet is based.

Ukraine especially wants a longer-range version of Army Tactical Missile Systems, known as ATACMS, from the U.S., along with Taurus cruise missiles from Germany. Both governments have resisted calls to send them because they are capable of striking targets deep within Russian territory.

The new bill authorizes Mr. Biden to send Ukraine ATACMS that have a range of some 300 kilometers (190 miles) 鈥渁s soon as practicable.鈥�

On April 24, American officials revealed that the U.S. already secretly transferred a number of the longer-range missiles to Ukraine last month, and they were used for the first time last week to strike an airfield in occupied Crimea. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the delivery before it became public.

Meanwhile, Russia is using its advantage in troops and weapons to push back Ukrainian forces, perhaps seeking to make maximum gains before Ukraine鈥檚 new supplies arrive.

For weeks it has pummeled the small eastern city of Chasiv Yar, suffering heavy losses. Britain鈥檚 Ministry of Defense says 900 Russian troops are being killed or injured a day in the war.

Capturing the strategically important hill town would allow them to move toward Sloviansk and Kramatorsk, key cities Ukraine controls in the eastern region of Donetsk. It would be a significant win for Russian President Vladimir Putin, who Western officials say is bent on toppling Ukraine鈥檚 pro-Western government.

Russian pressure was aimed not just at gaining territory, but on undermining Mr. Zelenskyy and bolstering critics who say his war plan is failing, said Mr. Clarke of King鈥檚 College London.

The U.S. aid package decreases the likelihood of a political crisis in Ukraine, and U.S. Speaker Mike Johnson deserves credit for pushing it through Congress, he said.

鈥淗e held history in his hands,鈥� Mr. Clarke said.

This story was reported by The Associated Press. AP writers Lolita C. Baldor and Tara Copp contributed from Washington.