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Why some Brazilian jailbirds can sing 'I'll be home for Christmas'

More than half a million prisoners in Brazil occupy jails meant to house less than 300,000 people. Brazil has a number of rules that allow it to pare down the prison population - particularly around Christmas.

• A version of this post ran on the author's blog,Ìý.ÌýThe views expressed are the author's own.

Over 550,000 Brazilians are incarcerated, making Brazil home to theÌýÌýprison population in the world. The number of prisoners grew 30 percent over the past two decades, meaning that over half a million prisoners are occupying space meant forÌý. So it's no wonder that there are legal mechanisms in place to alleviate overcrowded jails. Some of these rules happen to be implemented around Christmas.

First, there's the annual pardon. Each year, the president issues aÌýÌýending the sentences of eligible prisoners. These are typicallyÌý, andÌýlast year it affected those with a sentence of 8-12 years. In 2011, aroundÌýÌýreceived the Christmas pardon. In recent years, the pardon has freedÌýÌýof the country's prison population annually.

There's also what's called theÌý, or the "big leave." This can happen up to five times a year for eligible prisoners: at Christmas/New Year's, Mother's Day, Easter, and other holidays. In order to receive this right to leave for a maximum ofÌý, a judge must approve. And it's not just any prisoner who can benefit: prisoners must be inÌý, have good behavior, and have served a sixth of their sentence if they're first-time offenders or a quarter if they're repeat offenders. Last year,ÌýÌýprisoners were eligible for Christmas leave.

During their week away, prisoners are expected to be on their best behavior, and are not supposed toÌý, for example. Plus, prison agents are supposed to conduct random home visits to make sure prisoners are playing by the rules. Sometimes, electronic ankle bracelets are used: I, around 18 percent of those on temporary Christmas leave had to use them.

Despite the threat of increased sentences and further punishments for disobeying the conditions of temporary leave, in recent years around 5 to 7 percent of prisoners failed to return to jail. In 2012,ÌýÌýnationwide didn't come back from Christmas leave, around 5.1 percent of those who earned the ²õ²¹¾±»åã´Ç. That year, Sergipe had the largest desertion rate of any other state:Ìý.ÌýSão Paulo – which has the country'sÌýÌý–ÌýsawÌýÌýavoid returning to prison last year.

Over time, the numbers add up. From 2003 to 2012, over 50,000 Brazilian prisoners on temporary leave failed to return to jail, according to aÌý. Among those who went on the lam include several suspected murderers and a major drug trafficker.