海角大神

The other first responders: local journalists

In the heady days of anti-Vietnam War protests, the burgeoning women鈥檚 movement, and Richard Nixon鈥檚 sweep of 49 states in his 1972 reelection, Jeff vonKaenel went home to sell Fuller brushes. His future wife, Deborah Redmond, lived in her car.

The idea was to save up enough so they could afford to work for the new alternative weekly in Santa Barbara. Soon the ragtag publication got the local district attorney indicted, and brought a new raft of people to City Council through their endorsements. In 46 years of publishing alt weeklies, Mr. vonKaenel and his wife have never missed a single issue.

Until this month.

When the coronavirus shut down local businesses, advertising suddenly dried up for their News & Review papers in Reno, Nevada; Sacramento; and Chico, California. They had already mortgaged their house earlier this year to keep things going, so their reserves were basically gone.

And thus, after achieving circulation rates as much as sixfold that of traditional papers in the same cities and readership far beyond that, they had to shut down 鈥� at least temporarily.

[Editor鈥檚 note: As a public service,听all our coronavirus coverage听is free. No paywall.]

鈥淲e started the paper with no money, so we鈥檙e good at figuring out how to do things with little resources,鈥� says Mr. vonKaenel, who is reaching out to various organizations in hopes of pivoting to a new economic model that would include nonprofit or reader support, such as the $100 check that a reader slipped under the Chico News & Review鈥檚 door with a handwritten note begging them to stay online. Still, the publisher says, 鈥淚 don鈥檛 think it鈥檚 going to be easy to have a phoenix moment when there鈥檚 massive unemployment.鈥�

At a time of crisis that has exposed deep deficits of trust in American democracy and the dangers of misinformation, local journalism is getting an infusion of goodwill 鈥撎齣ncluding through subscriptions and donations. But it鈥檚 often not enough to make up for the sudden dearth of advertising and event revenue. Many outlets have been forced to lay off employees, cut pay, reduce publishing schedules, or shut down altogether.

If there鈥檚 an upside for local journalism, however, it鈥檚 that the same crisis that is sorely testing their capacity and resources is also underscoring the value of the services they provide, both inside and outside the newsroom. So even as the crisis exacerbates existing financial woes, it could also accelerate new models for sustainable journalism that have shown promising results in recent years. (See sidebar, below.)

鈥淚 am worried that [the crisis] could wipe out all of that progress. But I think there is also a hopeful sign, which is that the philanthropic sector is seeing that trustworthy local news is essential to a healthy community鈥� 鈥� quite literally, says Steven Waldman, co-founder of Report for America, which deploys young journalists to local outlets around the country. 鈥淚f that leads to a sea change in how philanthropy sees local media, then that would be a long-term positive development.鈥�

The current crisis could also help restore public faith in media, which has suffered amid deepening political polarization.

鈥淚 have long believed that the No. 1 job of the press in this country is to regain the trust of the American people,鈥� says Les Zaitz, an award-winning investigative journalist whose turnaround of the Malheur Enterprise in rural Oregon has been so successful that local delivery has gone from a grocery-cart tour of town to a . 鈥淚f we make it through this, this makes us even more solidly a part of the community than we鈥檝e ever been before.鈥�

Pandemic, followed by earthquake

For Salt Lake Tribune editor Jennifer Napier-Pearce, the last couple of weeks have been earth-shattering.

Shortly after her staff started working at home, an earthquake hit Salt Lake City, rendering their offices uninhabitable. Rumors began circulating on social media that another, larger quake would strike within the hour.

鈥淥ur role is ... to get authorities on the phone and on the record and shoot down those rumors,鈥� says Ms. Napier-Pearce. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 when our work is so important 鈥� to make sure that people have good reliable sources of information so that they can make important decisions on questions of safety.鈥�

鈥淚f you hear my dog, sorry about that,鈥� she adds, as Slack messages ding in the background.

Even as senior editors juggle pets and kids, often on little sleep, they say their mission keeps them going. Misinformation at a time like this, they say, can be a matter of life or death.

The Salt Lake Tribune has made its coronavirus coverage free as a public service, yet it鈥檚 seen a significant uptick in readership and annual subscriptions. Other outlets across the country are seeing a similar phenomenon, with traffic increasing as much as 10-fold, new subscribers signing up at a record rate, and readers sending in unsolicited donations. A donor has offered the Nevada Independent up to $100,000 in a matching grant. Yet for most, it鈥檚 not nearly enough to offset the advertising losses.

Many newspapers, and particularly local outlets, were already operating on the thinnest of margins after years of budget cuts and staff reductions. From 2008 to 2018, the number of newsroom employees . The current crisis is exacerbating those financial strains.

鈥淲e鈥檙e dealing with the same problems, on steroids,鈥� says Mary Lou Nemanic, author of the just-released 鈥淢etro Dailies in the Age of Multimedia Journalism,鈥� which tracked five newsrooms over six years. 鈥淥ver the years that I studied them, it was really tragic to see how the staffs of three of the five papers were reduced to bare bones,鈥� she says, blaming 鈥渃orporate profiteers.鈥�

Wide swaths of rural America have become 鈥渘ews deserts,鈥� while suburban areas have seen a reduction in coverage from metro papers. Take Falls Church, Virginia, which is less than seven miles from Washington, D.C., but rarely gets coverage in The Washington Post. So the Falls Church News-Press is essentially the only game in town, says managing editor Jody Fellows, who is one of three full-time editorial staffers turning out as many main stories a day as they usually publish in a week 鈥� as well as of restaurants open for take-out and delivery.

鈥淲e are so fortunate to have The Fourth Estate on duty in our City!鈥� wrote City Council member and retired journalist Phil Duncan, a 35-year resident of the city, in a Facebook note.

鈥淭his is such a huge story鈥�

In 2018, as the massive Camp Fire raged through Paradise, California, Melissa Daugherty headed into the hills where she had gotten her start as a beat reporter years before. The scenes were devastating. Two staffers at the Chico News & Review, where she now served as editor, had lost their homes. Others were banned from returning home for a time. Yet they threw heart and soul into the story.

After The New York Times and big TV stations had packed up and gone home, they discovered contamination in the water as a result of the unusually swift, hot fire 鈥� yet some local water authorities were telling residents the water was safe to drink.听They requested public records, and found the state water board had information about significantly increased risks of cancer from drinking the local water, which now included elevated levels of benzene.听

鈥淣obody had done this and we were like, 鈥榃hy hasn鈥檛 anyone done this?鈥欌�� recalls Ms. Daugherty. 鈥淎nd then after we did it, we were like, 鈥楾his is such a huge story, why isn鈥檛 anyone else picking up on this?鈥欌��

On a recent afternoon, Ms. Daugherty 鈥� one of the staffers Mr. vonKaenel had to lay off 鈥� went into the Chico News & Review鈥檚 shuttered offices, and found the $100 check from a reader begging them to at least stay online.听

The paper has been promised a reporter from Mr. Waldman鈥檚 Report for America corps, and she had secured the matching funds needed from a local community foundation. Now she鈥檚 trying to find a way to restart operations before losing that reporter.

鈥淚 have to make things move really fast here 鈥� on my own time, as a volunteer, essentially,鈥� she says, noting that her health insurance runs out at the end of the month.

鈥淚鈥檓 super invested, and people from the community are really looking to me for an answer,鈥� adds Ms. Daugherty. 鈥淚 just think about the consequences of not having a newspaper that does what we do. It would be devastating to the community.鈥�

[Editor鈥檚 note: As a public service,听all our coronavirus coverage听is free. No paywall.]

Editor鈥檚 note: The sidebar has been updated March 30 to include Facebook鈥檚 announcement of $100 million to support local news outlets.