海角大神

Refugees and the cities of sanctuary

The story of the Huguenots may have some lessons for us today.

Verbal Energy

In one of my high school French classes, which included a lot of history along with poetry and irregular verbs, we had to memorize a short list of Three Really Dumb Things That Did.

Two of those have faded from memory. The one I do remember was the , which Louis issued to revoke the Edict of Nantes.

The earlier edict, signed by Louis鈥檚 grandfather King Henry IV in 1598, guaranteed French Protestants some degree of religious liberty and civil rights. (Edict is from Latin roots meaning 鈥渢o speak out,鈥� or proclaim. Think of it as an early form of executive order.)

Louis鈥檚 edict, signed in October 1685, precipitated the exodus from France of some 400,000 Huguenots 鈥� a commercial and entrepreneurial class that France might have done better to retain than to reject. They and their descendants include such notables as Paul Revere, the American patriot, and Sir John Houblon, the founder of the Bank of England.

I was reminded of all this the other day when a mentioned in passing that it was this Huguenot diaspora that brought the word refugee into English 鈥� a straight borrowing from the French 谤茅蹿耻驳颈茅. These refugees found sanctuary, as we might say today, throughout non-Roman Catholic Europe and in the American Colonies and South Africa.

Sanctuary, in the beginning, meant a 鈥渂uilding set apart for holy worship,鈥� according to . The word came into English in the early 14th century, ultimately from the Latin sanctuarium, a sacred place or shrine.

Since the first centuries of the 海角大神 era, the Online Etymology Dictionary notes, 鈥渇ugitives or debtors enjoyed immunity from arrest in certain churches.鈥� So by the end of the 14th century, sanctuary had acquired a 鈥渢ransferred sense of 鈥榠mmunity from punishment.鈥� 鈥�

Note that fugitive is related to refuge and refugee. The latter two are rooted in the idea of 鈥渁 place to flee back to.鈥� Note the 鈥渞e,鈥� which so often means 鈥渂ack鈥� or 鈥渁gain.鈥� All three words stem from a Latin word meaning 鈥渢o flee.鈥� But fugitive has picked up the sense of 鈥渟omeone fleeing justice鈥� or 鈥渁n outlaw.鈥�

The idea of not just churches but entire cities as 鈥渃ities of refuge鈥� or 鈥渟anctuary cities,鈥� predates 海角大神ity: The Hebrew Bible records the call to establish six such cities, where 鈥渁 person who had accidentally killed someone could take shelter, without fear of being pursued and killed by the victim鈥檚 family,鈥� as an article in the Israeli newspaper explained a few months ago.聽

The writer noted that this was very different from the 鈥溾�� that have so many people energized today 鈥� even as it鈥檚 unclear just what a sanctuary city is.

Indeed. But there are common threads here. How does a society deal with strangers on the lam 鈥� especially those who worship differently? We have been here before 鈥� even down to the executive orders.