Buried treasure: Divers surface trash and data at Lake Tahoe
Scuba divers at Lake Tahoe spent a year retrieving 25,000 pounds of trash from off its shores and sorting it by type and location. It鈥檚 a first-of-its-kind effort to learn more about the potential harm caused by plastics and other pollutants found in its waters.
Colin West shows debris found during a dive in 2020 at Lake Tahoe, Nevada. Scuba divers with Clean Up The Lake have spent the past year diving beneath the 72-mile shoreline and retrieving trash.
Ludovic Fekete/Clean Up The Lake/AP/File
Stateline, Nev.
They found no trace of a mythical sea monster, no sign of mobsters in cement shoes or long-lost treasure chests.
But scuba divers who spent a year cleaning up Lake Tahoe鈥檚 entire 72-mile shoreline have come away with what they hope will prove much more valuable: tons and tons of trash.
In addition to removing 25,000 pounds of underwater litter since last May, divers and volunteers have been meticulously sorting and logging the types and GPS locations of the waste.
The dozens of dives that concluded this week were part of a first-of-its-kind effort to learn more about the source and potential harm caused by plastics and other pollutants in the storied alpine lake on the California-Nevada line.
It鈥檚 also taken organizers on a journey through the history, folklore, and development of the lake atop the Sierra Nevada that holds enough water to cover all of California 14 inches deep.
The Washoe Tribe fished the turquoise-blue Tahoe for centuries before westward expansion in the mid-1800s brought railroads, timber barons, and eventually Gatsby-like decadence to what became a playground for the rich and famous.
Tahoe鈥檚 first casino was built in 1902 by Elias J. 鈥淟ucky鈥� Baldwin, who owned a big chunk of east Los Angeles and built the prominent Santa Anita horse track in 1907. Massive lakefront estates followed for decades, including one used for the filming of 鈥淕odfather II.鈥�
Cleanup organizers say one of the things locals ask most is whether they鈥檝e found any gangsters鈥� remains near the north shore. That鈥檚 where Frank Sinatra lost his gaming license for allegedly fraternizing with organized crime bosses at his Cal-Neva hotel-casino in the 1960s.
The recovered debris mostly has consisted of things like bottles, tires, fishing gear, and sunglasses.
But Colin West, founder of the nonprofit environmental group that launched the project, Clean Up the Lake, said there have been some surprises.
Divers think they spotted shipwreck planks near Dead Man鈥檚 Point, where tribal tales tell of a Loch-Ness-Monster-like creature 鈥� later dubbed 鈥淭ahoe Tessie鈥濃�� living beneath Cave Rock.
They鈥檝e also turned up a few 鈥淣o Littering鈥� signs, engine blocks, lamp posts, a diamond ring, and 鈥渢hose funny, fake plastic owls that sit on boats to scare off birds,鈥� Mr. West said.
鈥淚t鈥檚 shocking to see how much trash has accumulated under what appears to be such a pristine lake,鈥� said Matt Levitt, founder and CEO of Tahoe Blue Vodka, which has contributed $100,000 to the cleanup.
His businesses is among many 鈥� including hotels, casinos, and ski resorts 鈥� dependent on the 15 million-plus people who visit annually to soak up the view Mark Twain described in 鈥淩oughing It鈥� in 1872 as the 鈥渇airest picture the whole earth affords.鈥�
鈥淚t is our economic engine,鈥� Mr. Levitt said.
And while most contributors and volunteers were motivated primarily to help beautify the lake, it鈥檚 what happens once the litter is piled ashore that excites scientists.
Shoreline cleanups have occurred across the nation for years, from Arizona to the Great Lakes, Pennsylvania, and Florida. But that litter goes into recycling bins and garbage bags for disposal.
Each piece from 189 separate Tahoe dives to depths of 25 feet was charted by GPS and meticulously divided into categories including plastic, metal, and cloth.
Plastics are key because international research increasingly shows some types can break down into smaller pieces known as microplastics.
Scientists are still studying the extent and human harm from the tiny bits. But the National Academy of Sciences said in December the United States 鈥� the world鈥檚 top plastics-waste producer 鈥� should reduce plastics production because so much winds up in oceans and waterways.
Zoe Harrold, a biochemist, led scientists at the Desert Research Institute in Reno that first documented microplastics in Tahoe in 2019.
She was the lead author of Clean Up the Lake鈥檚 2021 report on a 6-mile pilot project.
鈥淚f left in place, the ongoing degradation of submerged litter, particularly plastic and rubber, will continue to slowly release microplastics and leachates into Lake Tahoe鈥檚 azure waters,鈥� Ms. Harrold wrote.
The cleanup comes a half-century after scientists started measuring Tahoe鈥檚 waning clarity as the basin began to experience explosive growth.
Most credit, or blame, the completion of the interstate system for the 1960 Winter Olympics near Tahoe City. The first ever televised, it introduced the world to the lake surrounded by snow-covered peaks.
From 1960-80, Tahoe鈥檚 population grew from 10,000 to 50,000 鈥� 90,000 in the summer, the U.S. Geological Survey said. Peak days now approach 300,000.
鈥淭he majority of what we鈥檙e pulling out is a result of basically just the human impact of recreating, living, and building a community here in the Lake Tahoe region,鈥� Mr. West said.
His group plans dives this year at other Sierra lakes, including June Lake east of Yosemite National Park, and will expand future Tahoe searches to deeper depths.
The nonprofit Tahoe Fund, which also helped raise $100,000 for the cleanup effort, is commissioning artists to create a sculpture made from Tahoe鈥檚 trash at an events center being built in Stateline, on the lake鈥檚 south shore.
鈥淥ur hope is that it will inspire greater environmental stewardship and remind those who love Lake Tahoe that it鈥檚 up to all of us to take care of it,鈥� Tahoe Fund CEO Amy Berry said.
This story was reported by The Associated Press.