How to manage business cash flow
Learning to manage cash flow can be one of the trickiest lessons for new business owners. Learn more about cash flow here.
Freshly-cut stacks of $100 bills make their way down the line at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing Western Currency Facility in Fort Worth, Texas (2013). Business cash flow is imperative for a smooth running business.
LM Otero/AP/File
Every business needs cash. Regardless of how much revenue your business earns, if your cash is tied up in unsold inventory or receivables, that money doesn鈥檛 do you any good. Maintaining聽a healthy business cash flow gives you聽the capacity to meet your聽financial obligations and the flexibility to grow with new opportunities. You鈥檒l have enough cash on hand to pay the bills, say 鈥測es鈥� to a new project or launch a marketing campaign.
Cash flow is the money coming into and going out of your business, tracked on a cash-flow statement. If you have positive cash flow, you have more money coming into your business 鈥� typically through sales or borrowed funds 鈥� than going out, to expenses such as payroll, inventory and rent.
But maintaining positive business cash flow isn鈥檛 easy; many entrepreneurs struggle with it, according to research by the Federal Reserve Banks of New York, Atlanta, Cleveland and Philadelphia. In some situations, a聽聽may be the solution to a cash crisis, but that鈥檚 not always the case.
Below we outline six strategies 聽for managing business cash flow.
1. Learn your cash-flow cycle.
A cash-flow cycle is the time it takes to purchase raw materials, turn them into product, sell the product and collect payment. Philip Campbell, a certified public accountant and author of the book 鈥淣ever Run Out of Cash,鈥� says that to understand your cash-flow cycle, you should be able to answer two questions at any given time:
- What happened to your business鈥檚 cash last month?
- What鈥檚 about to happen to your business鈥檚 cash?
You鈥檒l learn the answers to these questions by keeping your business鈥檚 balance sheet and profit and loss statements up to date and reviewing them regularly. Once you understand your cash-flow cycle, Campbell says, you can work to correct any inconsistencies in it 鈥� for example, by paying your suppliers later or collecting payments earlier.
2. Urge your customers to pay on time.
The average debtor pays two weeks late, according to accounting platform Xero. So instead of waiting around to receive payments聽from your customers, Campbell says, 鈥渂e proactive about getting paid.鈥�
Develop a system to remind customers to pay on time, such as setting up automatic emails to remind customers 10, seven and two days before a payment is due. If you don鈥檛 receive a payment on time, don鈥檛 be afraid to follow up with a more personal note or a phone call.
3. Turn your inventory quickly.
From a small-business owner鈥檚 perspective, inventory is basically the same as cash, says Will Katz, director of the Small Business Development Center at the University of Kansas. To maximize the cash your business has at any given time, turn your inventory more quickly, Katz says.
For example, say a shoe store owner spends $500,000 buying shoes every year. If she makes two large shoe purchases each year, worth $250,000 each, she鈥檒l have that amount tied up in inventory until those shoes sell. That leaves less cash available to meet financial obligations or reinvest in the business. But if she does five inventory turns a year, she will only have $100,000 in cash tied up in inventory at a given time, freeing up more cash.
4. Negotiate with your vendors and customers.
Negotiation can be a powerful tool when it comes to maintaining healthy business cash flow. You can negotiate both your accounts receivable with customers and your accounts payable with vendors. For example, if a customer purchases a large order and suggests a 30- or 60-day payment term (common with large companies), ask if you can be paid sooner.
鈥淵ou鈥檒l never get it if you don鈥檛 ask,鈥� Katz says.
On the flip side, say you purchase raw materials from a supplier, but it鈥檒l be weeks until you turn those materials into a saleable product. Ask your vendor if you can pay for the materials several days or even weeks after you receive them. If you have a good track record of paying your vendors on time, they鈥檒l be more likely to agree to such an arrangement.
5. Consider accounts receivable financing.
If you鈥檙e unable to negotiate or need cash even sooner than the time you鈥檙e able to agree upon with your customers, consider accounts receivable financing. Slightly different from聽, which buys invoices at a discount, accounts receivable financing聽companies will advance the total amount or a portion of your outstanding invoices, and you鈥檒l repay that amount plus interest after you receive the invoice. Annual percentage rates for invoice financing products range from about 11% plus the prime rate to 64%.
6. Compare cash-flow loans.
If you don鈥檛 have outstanding accounts receivable but want additional financing to increase your cash flow, cash-flow loans could be an option. Cash-flow loans are short-term, often high-interest loans or lines of credit offered by online lenders. You shouldn鈥檛 rely on cash-flow loans for typical聽expenses such as聽rent and payroll. Reserve them for expenses that will ultimately increase your business鈥檚 revenue, such as a marketing campaign or a new piece of equipment.
But before you apply for a cash-flow loan, a聽聽or any small-business loan, for that matter, compare your options based on factors including terms, APR and what you qualify for.
FIND AND COMPARE SMALL-BUSINESS LOANS
NerdWallet has come up with a list of the best small-business loans to meet your needs and goals. We gauged lender trustworthiness, market scope and user experience, among other factors, and arranged lenders聽by categories that include your revenue and how long you鈥檝e been in business.
This article first appeared at