海角大神

Pledging moderation at home and 鈥渞emoving tensions鈥� abroad, Iran鈥檚 new president, Hassan Rohani, took the oath of office before legislators today in Tehran.

The veteran regime insider who was Iran鈥檚 top nuclear negotiator a decade ago vowed to improve the economy and lives of all Iranians.

But it was Mr. Rohani鈥檚 explicit reference to US-led sanctions and Iran鈥檚 controversial nuclear program that drew the loudest applause and will be most closely followed in Washington. As nuclear negotiations over Iran鈥檚 program remained deadlocked, both wings of Congress last week took steps to add yet more sanctions, with the House voting overwhelmingly to tighten restrictions.

Iranians will 鈥渟afeguard their national interests鈥� and 鈥渃annot be made to surrender through sanctions; such a people cannot be threatened to war and fighting,鈥� said Rohani, according to a simultaneous translation by state-run PressTV. 鈥淭he only way for interaction with Iran is a dialogue on an equal footing, confidence-building which should be mutual, and mutual respect as well as reducing antagonism and aggressiveness.... I want to clearly express, that if you want the right response [on the nuclear issue], it should not be through the language of sanctions, it should be through the language and discourse of respect,鈥� Rohani said, prompting the loudest applause of his swearing-in speech.

Tasked with restoring the health and credibility of Iran鈥檚 Islamic system after eight years of the often-tumultuous presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Rohani called on divine guidance to help him solve Iran鈥檚 problems. Supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei also called for 鈥渕aximum cooperation鈥� and support for Rohani鈥檚 government from all of Iran鈥檚 political factions at a smaller ceremony on Saturday at which Mr. Khamenei officially bestowed his endorsement.

But in a reminder this week of who wields ultimate authority in the Islamic Republic, Khamenei also vetoed some of Rohani鈥檚 initial cabinet choices. Some of those he rejected served under reformist President Mohammad Khatami, one of the few senior Iranian politicians not to take part in inauguration events, or who criticized Khamenei鈥檚 violent crackdown on street protests in 2009. Still, through negotiation, Rohani has presented an inclusive cabinet of experienced technocrats who span much of Iran's political spectrum.

鈥淭he balance of power has not changed. The supreme leader remains the supreme leader; he鈥檚 the final arbiter. But he is not as powerful as he was before,鈥� Nazenin Ansari, the diplomatic editor of Kayhan London newspaper, told BBC World Service Radio. 鈥淗e is a candidate that is seen inside Iran who has the best chance to take the Islamic Republic out of its current quagmire. And in the West, he is certainly viewed as someone who can open the doors. But he has to prove that he can.鈥�

Rohani's words

Rohani repeatedly referred to his government as one of 鈥渉ope and prudence" and said that he would not shy away from tackling 鈥渟hortcomings and deficiencies.鈥�

鈥淭he respected people of Iran voted for moderation and distancing from extremism,鈥� said Rohani, standing at the flower-bedecked podium inside Iran鈥檚 cavernous and futuristic pyramid-style parliament building. 鈥淭he threats will be reduced, and the opportunities must be increased. So moderation insists on moral values, and patience, and compromise.鈥�

Those were all attributes in short supply during the presidency of Mr. Ahmadinejad, whose record was harshly criticized even by fellow hard-line conservatives during the campaign leading to the June 14 vote. Running as a centrist and promising reform, Rohani got the backing of Mr. Khatami and former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. The new president trounced five conservative candidates and won a surprise first-round victory with just over 50 percent of the vote.

The ascent of Rohani reflects a 鈥渞ising rationality and a big tendency toward moderation鈥� in Iran, says a Tehran analyst who asked not to be named. 鈥淩adicalism is no longer accepted in society.鈥�

Yet it remains unclear how that dynamic will affect nuclear talks, or how far Rohani will be able to recalibrate Iran鈥檚 approach with the rest of the world. Khamenei has said in recent weeks that he has not blocked nuclear talks or dealing with the United States, but that past experience makes him pessimistic because 鈥淎mericans are untrustworthy, irrational and dishonest.鈥�

Rohani has a PhD from Scotland, and the candidate he named today for foreign minister 鈥撀燤ohammad Javad Zarif, Iran鈥檚 former United Nations ambassador 鈥� was educated at the University of Denver.聽

Presidential limits

While recent Iranian presidents have done much to shape Iran鈥檚 political space 鈥撀燼nd have been able to convince Khamenei to move one way or another 鈥� they have also always been subject to any limitations Khamenei decided to impose upon them.聽

鈥淥ver the past two decades, Khamenei has developed several mechanisms to control the presidency and other democratic institutions,鈥� writes Mehdi Khalaji, an Iran specialist at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, in an analysis this week. 鈥淭ensions between the president and Supreme Leader are inherent in the structure of the regime, regardless of personality or ideology.鈥�

Still, many of the steps that Rohani vows to take are those that Khamenei will share, at least for now after the Ahmadinejad era saw direct challenges to the leader鈥檚 own authority.

And today Rohani had his own indirect reminder for Khamenei when he quoted the leader of Iran鈥檚 1979 Islamic revolution, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, as saying that 鈥渆verything must be based on the people鈥檚 vote. That鈥檚 the benchmark and the yardstick.鈥�