海角大神

In opposition-controlled Aleppo, once the economic heart of Syria,聽few businesses have survived the war, which has reduced entire neighborhoods to rubble amid fighting, scud missile attacks, airstrikes, and artillery bombardment.

Most of the factories here that survived are unable to resume operations because they lack enough electricity to run the machines, the supplies to make their goods are no longer available or too expensive, or the owners don鈥檛 want to risk reinvesting when everything could be destroyed again without warning.

And yet in the middle of all this destruction, at least one factory survives. On the lower level of a multi-story building, young men and some children work diligently at embroidering baby blankets with images of Mickey Mouse and Hello Kitty.聽The survival of an off-brand embroidery factory manufacturing knockoff images of famous cartoon characters is both a testament to the randomness of war and a small ray of hope that Aleppo鈥檚 economy, now as ruined as the city itself, might be able to rebuild.

The battle between government forces and the opposition remains undecided in Aleppo, with government forces controlling about a third of the city, according to rebel estimates.

The owner of the embroidery factory lives in the area still under government control, so he鈥檚 entrusted his senior foreman, Abu Abdu with running the entire factory. The two men still communicate by phone during the brief moments when Aleppo has cell service.

When fighting broke out in Aleppo last summer, the factory closed for about two months, but then reopened. Since then the factory has survived with only a couple minor scares.

鈥淭his building has been hit with two mortar rounds, but they didn鈥檛 damage the factory,鈥� says Mr. Abdu. 鈥淭he lights went out and our machines stopped, but that was it.鈥�

To keep the factory up and running, they鈥檝e had to switch to all generator power and fire half the staff. Before the war, the factory ran 24 hours a day, divided into two shifts. Now it鈥檚 just one daytime crew.

Above all else, the factory has been kept afloat because the majority of its clients are Iraqi. They have continued to buy, and the route between the two countries has stayed open.

鈥淚t would be hard if I had only Syrian clients. I do have some in Homs and Damascus, but it鈥檚 hard to communicate and they buy about 50 percent less than they did before the revolution started,鈥� says Abdu.

A handful of other factories and workshops have managed to reopen throughout Aleppo, but businesses like Abdu鈥檚 remain a rare exception. Stories like Abu Aysa鈥檚 are much more common.聽

Before the revolution started, he ran a successful kitchen utensil factory that earned about $2 million in annual profits and employed 20 people 鈥� or supported 20 families, as Mr. Aysa likes to say. In the first days of clashes, government jets bombed all the factories in his area. Aysa says he was lucky 鈥� he'd closed the factory shortly before fighting broke out, so none of his employees were there at the time, and his factory was only partially damaged. About a dozen of his neighbors鈥� plants were completely destroyed.

Although his factory has not been reopened,聽he聽still聽tried to help a number of his employees, giving them money from time to time 鈥� while he still had it. Now he鈥檚 spent his entire savings and lives of capital meant for his factory.聽

鈥淚 will not try to reopen my factory until this war finishes, if I am still alive by then,鈥� he says.

Several of Aysa鈥檚 steel suppliers have agreed to lend him the money necessary to rebuild once there is enough security to resume work. Still,聽with聽the Syrian pound聽having聽lost more than 30 percent of its value against the dollar since the revolution began, he says it will be hard to afford the material he needs from international suppliers.

鈥淓ven if I wanted to work right now, I couldn鈥檛 because the Syrian pound has fallen so much and other currencies have gotten stronger,鈥� he says.

For those who鈥檝e managed to continue working in some capacity, the war has significantly stunted the development of their businesses. Jets severely damaged Abu Ahmad鈥檚 two bird cage-making factories, but he managed to salvage enough equipment to continue making cages in his home.

Given the limitations of his at-home factory, production has dropped from about 1,000 bird cages per day to just 150. He鈥檚 also had to start using lower quality materials and raise prices, which makes him worry that he may lose his remaining clients in Libya and Iraq. If fighting were to end聽tomorrow, it would take him at least five years, but probably longer, to rebuild his business, he says.

鈥淲hen the war ends, I can鈥檛 afford to restore all my factories. I can only restore part of it and rebuild the rest gradually,鈥� he says. 鈥淏efore the revolution I wanted to make a new production line and push into European markets.聽 Now I鈥檓 not going to make it into any new markets.鈥�

At the embroidery factory, machines are still pumping out dozens of Mickey Mouse and Hello Kitty blankets simultaneously, 12 hours a day, but Abdu says it鈥檚 still a struggle to keep the generators running, find spare parts for the machines, and buy thread for the embroidery work.

But fighting between government and opposition forces in Aleppo is less fierce than it has been for months, so he remains guardedly optimistic. 鈥淣ow it is better than last summer and I hope it will continue to get better," he says.