海角大神

Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived Tuesday in Iran for a visit intended to deepen ties with regional heavyweights as part of Moscow鈥檚 challenge to the United States and Europe amid its grinding campaign in Ukraine.

In only his second trip abroad since Russian tanks rolled into its neighbor in February, Mr. Putin is scheduled to hold talks with Iran鈥檚 President Ebrahim Raisi and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan about the pressing issues facing the region, including the conflict in Syria and a U.N.-backed proposal to resume exports of Ukrainian grain to ease the global food crisis.

As the West heaps sanctions on Russia and the costly campaign drags on, Mr. Putin is seeking to bolster ties with Tehran, a fellow target of severe U.S. sanctions and a potential military and trade partner. In recent weeks, Russian officials visited an airfield in central Iran at least twice to review Tehran鈥檚 weapons-capable drones for possible use in Ukraine, the White House has alleged.

Iran rolled out a long red carpet for Mr. Putin at Tehran鈥檚 Mehrabad airport, where Iranian Oil Minister Javad Owji greeted him warmly before he was whisked into his presidential convoy to the city.

But perhaps most crucially, the Tehran trip offers Mr. Putin has a chance for a high-stakes meeting with Mr. Erdogan, who has sought to help broker talks on a peaceful settlement of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, as well as help negotiations to unblock Ukrainian grain through the Black Sea.

Turkey, a NATO member, has found itself opposite Russia in bloody conflicts in Azerbaijan, Libya, and Syria. It has even sold lethal drones that Ukrainian forces have used to attack Russian troops. But Turkey hasn鈥檛 imposed sanctions on the Kremlin, making it a sorely needed partner for Moscow. Grappling with runaway inflation and a rapidly depreciating currency, Turkey also relies on the Russian market.

The gathering has symbolic meaning for Mr. Putin鈥檚 domestic audience as well, showing off Russia鈥檚 international clout even as it grows increasingly isolated and plunges deeper into confrontation with the West. It comes just days after U.S. President Joe Biden visited Israel and Saudi Arabia 鈥� Tehran鈥檚 primary rivals.

From Jerusalem and Jeddah, Mr. Biden urged Israel and Arab countries to push back on Russian, Chinese, and Iranian influence that has expanded with the perception of America鈥檚 retreat from the region.

It was a tough sell. Israel maintains good relations with Mr. Putin, a necessity given Russian presence in Syria, Israel鈥檚 northeastern neighbor and frequent target of its airstrikes. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have declined to pump more oil beyond a plan approved by their energy alliance with Moscow.

But all the countries 鈥� despite their long-standing rivalries 鈥� could agree on drawing closer to counter Iran, which has rapidly advanced its nuclear program since the former U.S. President Donald Trump abandoned Tehran鈥檚 atomic accord with world powers and reimposed crushing sanctions. Talks to restore the deal have hit a deadlock.

Backed into a corner by the West and its regional rivals, the Iranian government is ramping up uranium enrichment, cracking down on dissent, and grabbing headlines with optimistic, hard-line stances intended to keep the Iranian currency, the rial, from crashing. Without sanctions relief in sight, Iran鈥檚 tactical partnership with Russia has become one of survival, even as Moscow appears to be undercutting Tehran in the black market oil trade.

鈥淚ran is [the] center of dynamic diplomacy,鈥� Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian wrote on Twitter, adding the meetings will 鈥渄evelop economic cooperation, focus on security of the region ... and ensure food security.鈥�

Fadahossein Maleki, a member of the Iranian parliament鈥檚 influential committee on national security and foreign policy, described Russia as Iran鈥檚 鈥渕ost strategic partner鈥� on Monday. His comments belied decades of animosity stemming from Russia鈥檚 occupation of Iran during World War II 鈥� and its refusal to leave afterward.

In his fifth visit to Tehran, Mr. Putin will meet Iran鈥檚 Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, with whom he has a 鈥渢rusting dialogue,鈥� Mr. Putin鈥檚 foreign affairs adviser Yuri Ushakov said. He will also hold talks with President Raisi on issues including Tehran鈥檚 nuclear deal, of which Russia is a key signatory. The leaders met in Moscow in January and again last month in Turkmenistan.

The focus of the talks among the three presidents will be the decade-old conflict in Syria, where Iran and Russia have backed President Bashar Assad鈥檚 government, while Turkey has supported armed opposition factions. Russia intervened in the conflict in 2015, pooling efforts with Iranian forces and using its air power to shore up Mr. Assad鈥檚 fledgling military.

Mr. Ushakov said the parties will discuss efforts to encourage a political settlement, while Mr. Erdogan is expected to take up Turkey鈥檚 threats of a new military offensive in northern Syria to drive away U.S.-backed Syrian Kurdish fighters from its borders. The operation is part of Turkey鈥檚 plan to create a safe zone along its border with Syria that would encourage the voluntary return of Syrian refugees.

In a meeting with Mr. Erdogan, Mr. Khamenei delivered a stern warning against the planned Turkish incursion.

鈥淎ny sort of military attack in northern Syria will definitely harm Turkey, Syria, and the entire region, and will benefit terrorists,鈥� Iran鈥檚 top leader said, stressing the need to 鈥渂ring the issue to an end through talks.鈥�

Iran and Turkey signed a raft of preliminary agreements covering investment, diplomacy, media, and business, among other fields, and pledged to triple bilateral trade, to $30 billion. Mr. Raisi praised Mr. Erdogan鈥檚 visit as a 鈥渢urning point鈥� in their relations.

In his speech, Mr. Erdogan called for solidarity in the fight against Kurdish militant groups as well as a network led by the U.S.-based Muslim cleric whom Ankara accuses of orchestrating a failed coup in 2016.

鈥淭hey are nuisances that disrupt the calm of the countries where they are present,鈥� he said. 鈥淲e need to continue to lead a struggle against them.鈥�

Humanitarian issues in Syria have also come into focus since Russia used its veto power at the U.N. Security Council last week to force a restriction in aid deliveries to 4.1 million people in Syria鈥檚 rebel-held northwest after six months, instead of a year.

Talks to lift a Russian blockade and get Ukraine鈥檚 grain into global markets will also be on the agenda. Last week, U.N., Russian, Ukrainian, and Turkish officials reached a tentative agreement on some aspects of a deal to ensure the export of 22 million tons of desperately needed grain and other agricultural products trapped in Ukraine鈥檚 Black Sea ports by the fighting.

Tuesday鈥檚 meeting between Mr. Putin and Mr. Erdogan could help clear the remaining hurdles, a major step toward alleviating a food crisis that has sent prices of vital commodities like wheat and barley soaring.

This story was reported by The Associated Press. Vladimir Isachenkov reported from Moscow. Associated Press writers Isabel DeBre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and Suzan Fraser in Ankara, Turkey, also contributed to this report.