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Costa Concordia: Why navigation might 'fail' and other cruise ship questions

Many questions remain unanswered after Italian cruise ship, Costa Concordia, collided with rocks off the coast of Tuscany and capsized this week.

5. What are some lessons learned from recent ship disasters?

Gregorio Borgia/AP
Italian firefighters scuba divers approach the cruise ship Costa Concordia leaning on its side, the day after it ran aground off the tiny Tuscan island of Giglio, Italy, Sunday.

In 2007 another cruise ship ran aground off Santorini Island in the Greek isles. The vessel went close to the island鈥檚 picturesque cliffs to give the passengers a good view, but struck rocks and sank.
 
鈥淪houlda, coulda, woulda,鈥 says Mr. Loh. 鈥淵ou go close but you don鈥檛 go too close."
 
Stopping a boat or quickly changing course to avoid an immediate collision threat is not a realistic maneuver for most cruise boats, says Mr. Loh. 鈥淵ou have to understand when you鈥檙e at sea and in a large vessel like this, the bridge is extremely high up in the air, and you can鈥檛 see the entire vessel or over the side of the vessel 鈥 and you can鈥檛 stop on a dime鈥
 
鈥淚n order for you to avoid [a collision] requires a lot of prior planning to figure out where you are at any particular time,鈥 Loh says.  鈥淚f you鈥檙e really close [to land] you have to be in a position that no matter how much momentum you have at that time the forces of inertia could not possibly put you in a position to rub up against a large rock.
 
鈥淲hich means you have to be fairly far away to avoid [collision],鈥 he says citing a full boat length, at least, from any known hazard.

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