海角大神

When Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe flew to Washington last week, he delivered an urgent message to President Trump ahead of tomorrow鈥檚 unprecedented US-North Korea summit: Don鈥檛 forget about us.

For Mr. Abe, the visit was a last-ditch attempt to ensure that any deal Mr. Trump reaches with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un doesn't harm Japan's interests. But Trump鈥檚 off-the-cuff negotiating style 鈥� and his growing disregard for many of Washington鈥檚 closest allies 鈥� makes it difficult to predict what any such a deal might include.

Japan isn鈥檛 the only East Asian nation anxious about the one-on-one meeting between Trump and Mr. Kim in Singapore on Tuesday. China, South Korea, and Russia have all tried to influence the strong-headed leaders before they sit down together for the first time.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov met with Kim in Pyongyang last month and invited him to Moscow. Chinese President Xi Jinping has met with him twice in China. And South Korean President Moon Jae-in, who has met twice with Kim and three times with Trump, has reportedly lobbied for a trilateral meeting in Singapore to discuss a formal end to the Korean War.

鈥淓veryone in the region wants the summit to go well,鈥� says Wang Dong, an associate professor of international studies at Peking University in Beijing. 鈥淚f the talks fail, we could quickly go back to the kind of escalation we saw last year.鈥�

But the flurry of diplomatic activity in the run-up to Tuesday鈥檚 summit highlights the widespread uncertainty felt in Northeast Asia over the region鈥檚 future. Trump鈥檚 bellicose rhetoric and go-it-alone attitude have American allies on edge, to say nothing of China鈥檚 growing influence and the North Korean nuclear threat. Whatever happens when Kim and Trump meet on Tuesday could go a long way in determining the balance of power in the region for years to come. Here鈥檚 a look at what countries there have at stake.

Japan: still within range

Trump鈥檚 鈥淎merica First鈥� approach to foreign policy and his eagerness to make a deal with Kim are a worrisome combination for Japan. Among the country鈥檚 biggest fears is that Trump could accept a limited agreement that addresses North Korea鈥檚 nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistic missiles, but, in exchange, reduces the American military presence in East Asia. Doing so would allow Trump to say that he had kept his promise to protect the US, but it would come at a cost to Japan, which is in range of North Korea鈥檚 short- and medium-range missiles and has long relied on the US as a bulwark against China.

Another key issue for Japan is the fate of at least a dozen Japanese citizens abducted by North Korea in the 1970s and 1980s.聽 Japan's foreign ministry regards the abductions as 鈥渁 critical issue concerning the sovereignty of Japan,鈥� and has said that any normalization of relations between Tokyo and Pyongyang can only happen after its resolved.

After discussing the abductions with Trump at the White House on Thursday, Abe struck a hopeful tone during a press conference. He said that Trump 鈥渇ully understands鈥� the need to bring home the abductees, adding that Trump 鈥渋s one of the leaders who understands the issue the most.鈥� For his part, Trump has pledged to raise the issue with Kim.

South Korea: no longer 'driving?'

It鈥檚 safe to say that Tuesday鈥檚 historic summit wouldn鈥檛 be happening if it weren鈥檛 for Mr. Moon. Since taking office in 2017, South Korea鈥檚 president has made negotiations with North Korea a focus of his administration, vowing to take the 鈥渄river鈥檚 seat鈥� in improving the world鈥檚 relationship with Pyongyang.

He has strongly advocated for the meeting and remained diplomatic when Trump abruptly cancelled it in late May, seemingly without notifying Moon first 鈥� although the pair had met with in Washington two days before. While the summit was back on days later, the episode led many in Seoul to call into question Trump鈥檚 commitment.

For Moon and his supporters, the No. 1 goal for the summit is to reduce to threat of conflict on the Korean peninsula. Their hope is that Trump and Kim can agree to a plan that allows North Korea to denuclearize in return for normalized ties with the US. Humanitarian and economic steps could follow. Trump hasn鈥檛 ruled out taking this kind of incremental approach; he said on Thursday that he didn鈥檛 think it would be a 鈥渙ne-meeting deal.鈥� But it鈥檚 unclear how patient he鈥檚 willing to be.

In addition to discussing denuclearization with Kim, Trump has also left open the possibility of declaring an end to the Korean War. The 1950-53 conflict ended with an armistice. Yet a formal peace treaty would need to involve not only the US, which fought on the South鈥檚 side during the war, but also China, which fought on the North鈥檚. The most that could happen in Singapore is a declaration of intent, leaving the negotiating and signing of a treaty for later.

China: hoping for a trade thaw

A peace declaration is just one of several outcomes of the Trump-Kim summit that China would happily accept, especially if it were to lead to a reduction in the number of American troops in South Korea. Trump has reportedly sought options for , but the White House has denied reports of it planning to use troops as bargaining chips.聽聽

China is also hoping that the summit leads to an easing of the international sanctions that have been imposed on North Korea. While Beijing has for the most part reluctantly enforced them, it has never fully supported the idea that sanctions alone would curtail Pyongyang鈥檚 nuclear weapons program. Trump has said that he would stop using the phrase 鈥渕aximum pressure鈥� to describe the sanctions, even though he insisted that they would remain in place.

Should Trump agree to ease sanctions, Beijing is likely to be very willing to help North Korea rebuild its economy. China already accounts for 90 percent of the North鈥檚 trade, making it well positioned to benefit from any future reforms. Beijing is eager to help Pyongyang develop along the same lines as China's own state-controlled market economy, and, in doing so, help prove its validity as an alternative to American-style capitalism.

鈥淣orth Korea has demonstrated a strong interest to pivot to economic development,鈥� says Zhao Tong, a nuclear policy analyst at the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy in Beijing. 鈥淐hina will be more than happy to facilitate that strategic transition, but a precondition to doing that is a better North Korea-US relationship.鈥�

Russia: a likely winner

The bottom line for Russia, which shares an 11-mile border with North Korea, is stability. A conflict on the Korean Peninsula could send thousands of refugees across the border and into one of the poorest regions of Russia. (The same goes for China, which could see millions of refugees cross into its territory if war broke out.)

Last week, Russian President Vladimir Putin praised Trump for what he called a 鈥渃ourageous and mature鈥� decision to meet with Kim. He has also said Moscow has 鈥渂ig hopes鈥� for the success of the meeting and for its potential to defuse regional tensions.

Despite Mr. Putin鈥檚 optimistic words, some Russian foreign policy analysts warn that the summit is likely to end in failure. They cite, among other things, both leaders鈥� mercurial personalities. But Artyom Lukin, an associate professor of international relations at the Far Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok, says that 鈥渨hether the summit succeeds or fails, Moscow could gain advantages either way.鈥�

If Kim and Trump reach a deal that enhances regional security, Russia could decide to move ahead with plans to build a gas pipeline and extend the Trans-Siberian Railway across the Korean Peninsula. If they fail to reach a deal, Professor Lukin says, the Kremlin could then decide to take advantage of what little leverage it has over North Korea.

鈥淚n particular, Russia might use its leverage with North Korea as a bargaining chip in dealing with the US,鈥� Lukin says. 鈥淧utin is very skillful at using international crises to advance Russia鈥檚 national interests.鈥�