海角大神

When Chinese President Xi Jinping took power听exactly听three years ago, he unveiled a 鈥淐hinese dream鈥� of national and individual rejuvenation.听 The dream signaled a bright ideal of a better life and听appealed to a vast, emerging middle class.

The phrase 鈥淐hinese dream,鈥�听appeared 24 times on the front page of China鈥檚 main state-run newspaper at that time.听Three years later Xi and Chinese officials continue to refer to it as a galvanizing concept.

While the 鈥淎merican dream鈥� often refers to a satisfying life of comfort, Xi鈥檚 dream goes further by framing a path to global economic success under the rule of the Chinese Communist Party.听

鈥淥ne can do well only when one鈥檚 country and nation do well,鈥� Xi said when he first outlined his vision in 2012 at a National Museum exhibit. Dubbed the 鈥淩oad to Revival,鈥� the exhibit highlighted China鈥檚 recovery after decades of 鈥渉umiliation鈥� under colonial rule; it also hinted at Xi's priorities as the country's incoming leader.

Three years on, Xi's bid to draw ordinary Chinese into a great idea of national strength and prosperity has听been internalized in new ways. However, for many the dream听represents personal aspirations over the national ambition that Xi has lauded.听

鈥淚 set my own goals a long time ago, said Liu Zhun, a 26-year-old entrepreneur who is launching a project to help nongovernmental organizations post information online. 鈥淚鈥檓 not against the China dream, I just don鈥檛 need it.鈥� 听

Xi and Mao

Xi, who has consolidated power faster than any predecessor since Mao Zedong, also ties the dream to his efforts at rooting out corruption in the ruling party. His crackdown has won public support but also elbowed out potential political rivals.

Guo Linlin, a communications and journalism student at Beijing鈥檚 Renmin University of China, views Xi鈥檚 message as 鈥渟uccessful government propaganda,鈥� adding that she's more focused on her own post-graduate career. 鈥淚 agree with the whole dream, but I have my own things to do,鈥� she says.

China鈥檚 modern transformation, to be sure, has delivered on big dreams. Over the last four decades, it has lifted more than 500 million people out of poverty, according to the World Bank, and become the largest contributor to global economic growth. Millions of ordinary Chinese can now send their kids to American schools, shop in South Korea, and buy German cars.

And Beijing wields global influence.听It鈥檚 building ports and railroads from Africa to Southeast Asia, emphasizing territorial claims in the South China Sea, and founded an Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank that could eventually compete with the World Bank.

China鈥檚 military is stronger than ever, a point Xi emphasized in September with an extensive parade of weaponry through Tiananmen Square. Xi recently made his first state visits to the United States and to Britain; he received a 21-gun salute at the White House and slept at Buckingham Palace in London.听

Cracks in the concrete?

But that concrete image shows cracks. Economic growth has slowed to its lowest level in 25 years. The government bungled its intervention into a stock market crash this summer and jolted world markets with a devaluation of the country鈥檚 currency.

While China continues to grow faster than almost every major economy, slogans do not make up for faltering prospects.

鈥淚鈥檓 absolutely worried, but I have to move on because I have to make a living,鈥� said Zhou Min, who runs a steel distributing company in Wuhan, a provincial capital in central China. She will make no profit this year.

Ms. Zhou views the slowdown as temporary. But she鈥檚 also watching the business her father-in-law built erode.听

Zhou respects the country鈥檚 growing power, but doesn鈥檛 spend much time thinking about it.听鈥淚 don鈥檛 have any Chinese dream, but only my own dream,鈥� she says.

Flexible concept

Banners draped across apartment buildings and overpasses in China still proclaim Xi's slogan. A poster put up by a safety bureau in Qingdao reads, 鈥淪ecurity dream, Chinese dream.鈥�

An advertisement on the popular microblogging site Weibo says, 鈥淟earn Chinese pen craft, promote our Chinese dream.鈥� The English website version of Xinhua, the state news agency, gives the dream an entire section.

鈥淭he official Chinese dream is a very flexible concept,鈥� says Ding Xueliang, professor of social science at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. 鈥淵ou can put anything inside.鈥�

And yet Liu Ahan has never heard of it.听鈥淚t sounds like something that hasn鈥檛 been realized,鈥� says the 24-year-old, glancing around the Beijing convenience store where he operates his car rental company.

Three years into Xi鈥檚 leadership, Chinese register roughly the same concerns as they did when he took power, according to a survey conducted this spring by the Pew Research Center. About 77 percent of respondents said they were better off than five years ago, compared to 70 percent in 2012 who said similar things. As before, many worry about 听corrupt officials, pollution, income inequality and food safety.

Well-being also frames the Chinese dream for Chen Tilu, a civil servant from Jinan, a city in the eastern coastal province of Shandong.

He endorses national stability and strength, but also medical insurance for his aging parents and a fulfilling career for his daughter, who studies at Princeton University. 鈥淚 still have faith,鈥� he says. 听