海角大神

In the corner of a bustling Texas-style barbecue joint here, where an oversized American flag looms and a band belts out Spanish-language rockabilly, a group of diners occupy two picnic tables, intently focused on their computer screens.

鈥淰ota en EEUU,鈥� reads a whiteboard perched above one of the tables, festooned with the red, white, and green colors of the Mexican flag. 鈥淐iudadanos Americanos Registrense Aqui Hoy."

The voter registration drive, organized by the Mexico City chapter of Democrats Abroad, is like many global efforts to get out the expatriate vote. But this year, volunteers across the country are pushing to connect with a harder-to-reach subsection 鈥� 鈥淎merican Mexicans,鈥� or voters who were born in the US or are naturalized citizens, but are primarily Spanish-speaking and reside in Mexico.

Encouraging Americans living outside the US to vote is nothing new. But Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump鈥檚 multiple jabs at Mexico, combined with his impromptu and poorly received visit last month, has many here feeling that the stakes are higher in this election. And the intertwined histories, migration, and trade of Mexico and the US have created a scenario where some of the very people Mr. Trump has characterized as a threat are eligible to have a say in the outcome of the election.

鈥淭his is the first election that we鈥檝e focused on Spanish-preference [US] citizens in Mexico,鈥� says Larry Pihl, the Get Out the Vote Chair for Democrats Abroad-Mexico, who spoke by telephone from Monterrey, where he was conducting voter outreach.

鈥淭here鈥檚 a lot of traction to register voters this year, and Trump has helped infinitely,鈥� says Erik Markeset, a volunteer with Democrats Abroad who doesn鈥檛 identify with a particular political party. He鈥檚 flipping through a thick book listing US voter jurisdictions while he helps register a young woman from Colorado.

William Barb registered to vote in a US election from Mexico for the first time this year.

鈥淭here are a lot of people I know here who have family in the US, and they tell me, 鈥業f I could vote, I鈥檇 do it to help my parents, my siblings, my friends,鈥欌�� he says.

Mr. Barb鈥檚 father was born and raised in Pennsylvania, and moved to Mexico as a young adult, where he met his wife and started a family. The younger Barb became a dual citizen, but identifies primarily as Mexican. He, his wife, and their two children moved to Los Angeles in 1999 to escape the 鈥渄ifficult situation in Mexico,鈥� but moved back after nearly nine years, and say they have no plans to return.聽

鈥淲e didn鈥檛 know how to vote in the US election from Mexico, but we knew we legally could,鈥� Barb says. With help from an American neighbor, his entire family has filed the required paperwork via email and plans to cast ballots by mail on Nov. 8.

Returning to Mexico

Latinos in the US are playing an increasingly important role in elections, making up roughly 13 percent of voters in the 2012 presidential race. This year that could grow to between 15 percent and 17 percent, predicts Jorge Bustamante, founder of the College of the Northern Border, near Tijuana.

Mexican-Americans in the US make up more than half of the Latino voting population. And the increase in Mexicans in the US 鈥� some with dual citizenship 鈥撀�returning to Mexico over the past five years means that the 鈥淎merican Mexican鈥� population in Mexico is 鈥渋ncreasingly important鈥� in US politics, says Dr. Bustamante, who is also a professor of sociology at Notre Dame in Indiana. 鈥淏ut of course it鈥檚 still a minority within a minority.鈥�

鈥淓verything will depend on who wins,鈥� he says. 鈥淚f Trump wins, the question of immigration could be a very, very serious problem that will affect bilateral relations in a very drastic way. If Clinton wins it鈥檚 going to be not as risky, but it鈥檚 not going to be very rosy.鈥�

As a result, the topic of the US presidential race 鈥渋s one of the most important subjects people are talking about after dinner鈥� in Mexico, Bustamante says.

Barb agrees. 鈥淚t鈥檚 important to me to vote in this election,鈥� he says, adding that he voted in 2008 while living in California, but doesn鈥檛 vote in Mexican elections because he doesn鈥檛 feel it makes a difference. 鈥淓ven if I don鈥檛 live there, I鈥檓 voting for what鈥檚 best for other Latinos living in the United States.鈥�

His daughter, Yosette, who is finishing her thesis in psychology at the National Autonomous University of聽Mexico, says that before she got help registering to vote, she had friends pestering her to figure it out on her own. 鈥淧eople would tell me, 鈥榶ou have dual nationality? Vote! It鈥檚 important! This is how you help,鈥� 鈥� she says.

鈥淓ven if I don鈥檛 think I will go back [to the US], I have every right to vote as an American citizen,鈥� she says. 鈥淚 have every right to be against racism. And American politics influence a lot in my country. We are neighbors; what happens there affects things here.鈥�

Trying to find the voters

Between 1 million and 2 million Americans live in Mexico, according to research compiled for Democrats Abroad in Mexico by Admix Digital Strategies. They believe that number breaks down to about half a million US-born or naturalized Spanish-speaking Americans, like Barb and his family, and 1 million expatriates, or English-speaking permanent residents and long-term visitors.

By these estimates, that puts more Americans living in Mexico than all of Europe combined (excluding military), according to 2011 European data from The Association of Americans Resident Overseas.

But finding Spanish-preference US citizens to register to vote is more challenging than reaching out to run-of-the-mill expats.

Democrats Abroad volunteers in Mexico have taken to local and national media, particularly following the uproar over Trump鈥檚 Aug. 31 visit, to spread the word about the process among Spanish-preference Americans here. They鈥檝e launched a Spanish-language landing page, Vota Desde Mexico, and volunteers are traveling to border states, where the bulk of 鈥淎merican Mexicans鈥� are believed to reside.

At the barbecue joint on Saturday, curious Americans pass by the voter registration table to sign up 鈥� and to inquire about volunteering. Liz O鈥機onnor, a PhD candidate at Mexico's Center for Research and Teaching in Economics, takes a handful of forms to hand out to classmates and professors. By Monday, she鈥檚 registered two students and one professor. Other volunteers have agreed to display registration forms in their workplaces, and there are plans to set up in certain malls where there鈥檚 a better chance of stumbling upon the desired voters.

鈥淚t鈥檚 harder to reach 鈥楢merican Mexicans,鈥� 鈥� says Mr. Markeset. 鈥淭here are countless stories of Mexicans born in the US while their parents were getting their PhDs, and then there are others that were born there to [undocumented] migrant workers. These aren鈥檛 populations you鈥檒l necessarily find in the same place in Mexico,鈥� he says.

鈥淭hese [voter registration] efforts are very much grassroots鈥�. And it鈥檚 a completely non-partisan effort, even though we are the Democrats Abroad,鈥� Markeset says.

Republicans Overseas did not respond to multiple requests for interviews on their voter registration efforts in Mexico. When asked if there is a constituency of Mexicans here 鈥� eligible to vote or not 鈥� that support this year鈥檚 Republican candidate, Bustamante, the professor, responds with a long pause. 鈥淣o,鈥� he says. 鈥淣ot that I know of.鈥�

Another volunteer, Bruno Chazaro, was born in Mexico but became a naturalized citizen after living in the US 15 years. He says he could see himself one day returning to the States, but that鈥檚 not top of mind as he prepares to cast his absentee ballot this year.

鈥淭his election isn鈥檛 just about the US,鈥� Mr. Chazaro says. 鈥淭he winner will make decisions that will reach across the world.鈥�