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An ongoing border dispute between Nicaragua and Costa Rica has pushed the 鈥�Switzerland of Central America鈥� to the brink of a national identity crisis.

Sixty-two years after Costa Rica made the historic decision to abolish its Army and entrust its sovereignty and national defense to the untested guardianship of international law, Central America鈥檚 standard bearer of peace and democracy is facing what it considers its greatest challenge to neutrality: an alleged border invasion by Nicaraguan troops.

鈥淔or our country, the armed invasion is a challenge to our way of life and the defense of our national sovereignty, which is based exclusively in multilateralism,鈥� Costa Rican Foreign Minister Ren茅 Castro told the Monitor in an e-mail.

鈥淐osta Rica is a civilized and peaceful country,鈥� he adds. 鈥淏ut sometimes, those ideals are challenged by reality and our principles are put to test.鈥�

Costa Rica claims Nicaragua crossed into its territory last year while dredging the San Juan River 鈥� a Nicaraguan waterway that parallels their shared border. Nicaragua says Costa Rica is 鈥渋nventing a border conflict" to disguise its own expansionist pretensions. Currently before the International Court of Justice at The Hague, the dispute has forced Costa Rica 鈥� a country that prides itself on stability, neutrality, and a laid back 鈥�pura vida鈥� approach to life 鈥� to reexamine its commitment to disarmament and confront the ghosts of its wimpy image.

鈥淭he decision will represent a crossroads in the history of Costa Rica, the history of Central America, and in the whole philosophy of disarmament,鈥� says Daniel Camacho, professor emeritus of sociology at the University of Costa Rica.

Unfavorable court ruling could be 'catastrophic'

The last 17 miles of the San Juan River divert mostly into a Costa Rican tributary due to sedimentation buildup on the Nicaraguan side. By unclogging that final stretch of river, Nicaragua hopes to redirect the waters back onto its side of the border 鈥� an undesired prospect for Costa Rican fishing lodges in the border region.

Foreign Minister Castro, who in January went on a five-country tour of Europe to drum up support for Costa Rica鈥檚 case, said his government is putting its faith in international law. He said he thinks the court鈥檚 ruling, expected any day, will be precedent-setting in determining the 鈥渆fficiency of multilateralism.鈥�

But Professor Camacho warns that an unfavorable ruling could prove "catastrophic." 鈥淚 don鈥檛 even want to imagine what that would mean for Costa Rica鈥檚 identity, self image, national project and commitment peace. I think if Costa Rica loses [in The Hague], there will be a strong push for militarization here,鈥� he says.

For Nicaragua, crisis is the norm

A CID-Gallup poll released Jan. 24 illustrates that Costa Rica is far more rattled by the border conflict than is Nicaragua. While 91 percent of Nicaraguans think the crisis has been caused by unclear border limits, 73 percent of Costa Ricans think the crisis is because of Nicaragua鈥檚 military invasion of their country.

Carlos Denton, president of the CID-Gallup polling firm, says the conflict has provoked a debate in Costa Rica as to whether the country is 鈥渘eutral鈥� or 鈥減acifist.鈥�

鈥淭he Swiss are a neutral country but will rally an armed force if invaded. But a pacifist country turns the other cheek or appeals to international entities,鈥� says Mr. Denton.

The CID-Gallup poll also underscored how, for Nicaragua, crisis is a way of life 鈥� with the current dispute no exception. More than half of Nicaraguans polled erringly said that Costa Rica has an army. And almost 1 in 2 Nicaraguans fear Costa Rica could invade their country at any moment, according to the CID-Gallup survey, despite it lacking anything by way of military tanks or fighter jets.

Nicaraguans seem constantly on the lookout for foreign meddling and prepared for crisis. Oscar Ren茅 Vargas, a Nicaraguan sociologist, says his country has been 鈥渋n a constant political crisis" for more four decades, which has come to define the national identity. Having lost territories in the past to Colombia and Costa Rica, Nicaragua has a longstanding shrinking-country complex.

鈥淣icaragua is the only country in the world that has lost territory to a smaller and weaker nation,鈥� says Nicaragua鈥檚 Ed茅n Pastora, who is heading Nicaragua鈥檚 river-dredging operation to 鈥渞escue鈥� the San Juan River.

Awaiting court ruling, damage may already be done

When faced with threats of invasion from Nicaragua in the past 鈥� in 1948 and 1955 鈥� Costa Rica successfully defended itself with a combination of volunteer militias and diplomatic offensives. But in response to the current conflict, Costa Rica has relied mostly on its diplomatic and legal efforts.

Costa Rica did send heavily armed police to the border region last November, but that move was seen more as bark than bite 鈥� a claim that seemed to be supported by a Jan. 11 report in the Costa Rican daily Diario Extra that said deployed officers suffered from "profound fear of fighting against Nicaraguan soldiers.鈥�

While this month鈥檚 anticipated ruling from the International Court of Justice will provide an institutional solution to the border conflict, many fear the psychological damage has already been done. Costa Rica may not look at Nicaragua 鈥� or itself 鈥� the same way again.