Nigeria's Muslim rebel movement capitalized on electoral tensions
In the months before Nigeria鈥檚 elections, the Muslim rebel movement . The victims included the gubernatorial candidate of the All Nigeria People鈥檚 Party (ANPP), which is an opposition party at the national level but is the ruling party in Borno. Even before the elections began, then, Boko Haram had affected their outcome.
Boko Haram is not the sole, or the main, agent of violence in Northern Nigeria right now. The movement did not orchestrate the violent riots that occurred in many Northern states following the announcement of incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan鈥檚 victory last week. But Boko Haram鈥檚 acts of violence are significant. During Nigeria鈥檚 multi-stage elections, the sect has continued to carry out attacks. Yesterday, a it put out warned of more violence and called for the implementation of shari鈥檃 throughout Nigeria (currently shari鈥檃 only applies in twelve Northern states). With state elections happening this week (most legislative elections, along with the presidential elections, have concluded), it is worth keeping an eye on Boko Haram and on the Northeast.
Here鈥檚 a look at some of Boko Haram鈥檚 activities during election season:
- On March 29, 鈥渢hwarted a plot to bomb an [ANPP] election rally鈥� in Maiduguri, Borno State (). The threat was blamed on Boko Haram.
- On April 1 (the day before the original date of Nigeria鈥檚 legislative elections), in Bauchi ().
- On April 9, a was bombed.
- On April 15, the was bombed, and several people were shot in a separate incident on the same day. Authorities suspected Boko Haram.
- On April 20, and ambushed several police officers in Maiduguri.
- On April 22, during a jailbreak in Yola, Adamawa State ().
Not all of this violence should be called electoral violence. Some of these incidents would likely have occurred even if elections weren鈥檛 going on: Boko Haram regularly attacks Islamic leaders and police officers, and periodically storms police stations and jails.
But some of the violence is clearly linked to the elections, especially the bombings of rallies, polling stations, and electoral offices. It鈥檚 best not to ascribe every act of violence in the Northeast to Boko Haram without proof, of course. Still, it seems reasonable to suspect that the movement was behind at least some of this electoral violence.
During election season, then, it seems Boko Haram has a hybrid strategy: its long-term guerrilla campaign continues against its religious rivals and against the security forces, but it is also taking advantage of the elections to sow disorder and delegitimize the state.
How will this affect political outcomes in the Northeast? As the notes, 鈥淢aiduguri鈥as seen little of the vote-related unrest reported elsewhere in northern Nigeria this month.鈥� So officials there have been spared some problems that other regions are facing. And Boko Haram still stands, it seems to me, no chance of taking power. Yet Boko Haram鈥檚 activities appear to have in the Northeast. Whomever the residents of Borno, Bauchi, and Adamawa States elect this week, these officials 鈥� and the federal government 鈥� have a tenacious problem on their hands with Boko Haram.
鈥� Alex Thurston is a PhD student studying Islam in Africa at Northwestern University and blogs at .
