鈥楽ay Their Names鈥�: Why the George Floyd protests resonate globally
| Paris, Toronto, Mexico City, and Johannesburg
Adama Traor茅.
Amine Bentounsi.
Regis Korchinski-Paquet.
Why We Wrote This
The killing of George Floyd has sparked protests outside the U.S., and not just about American police injustice. Those abroad are taking the moment to raise their voices about racist policing at home.
Chantel Moore.
Giovanni L贸pez.
Collins Khosa.
They are names that may have remained unknown beyond the circle of family who bury them. Now their memories are being invoked in marches, written in marker on cardboard signs, and聽commemorated across social media as victims of police brutality against racial and ethnic minorities that spans well beyond the United States.
The killing of George Floyd beneath the knee of a white police officer in Minnesota has not just fundamentally changed the American conversation on race. Protests have spilled to several countries 鈥� and a gaze that has often been fixated on the deeply entrenched racism and violence in the U.S. has shifted domestically.
In recent days, thousands of citizens have protested, from the German capital of Berlin to Barrie, Ontario, from Montreal to Mexico City. While many march in rage at the death of Mr. Floyd, protesters also honor those victims who have died in the custody of their own law enforcement.
In Paris, nearly 20,000 people protested in the streets over the death of Adama Traor茅, a 24-year-old Malian-Frenchman who died in 2016 after police pinned him down and suffocated him following a chase that ensued after an ID check. 鈥淲e live with these tragedies, and each subsequent tragedy brings us back to our own,鈥� says Amal Bentounsi, who lost her own brother in 2012 after he was shot in the back by police. 鈥淕eorge Floyd鈥檚 death resurrected awareness about what is going on in France.鈥�
In Toronto, in the days after video captured Derek Chauvin putting weight on Mr. Floyd鈥檚 neck for nearly nine minutes, a Black Canadian, Regis Korchinski-Paquet, fell to her death from her high-rise apartment balcony in Toronto in the presence of police. Though the details are unclear, the tragedy has led to a week of peaceful protest urging Canada to face up to its own racism. 鈥淭his is happening all over the world, it鈥檚 not just a single situation in the U.S.,鈥� says Keenan McFoy, a university student in criminology, at one of several marches held in Toronto over the weekend.
And protesters and activists say they believe today鈥檚 anger and anguish, which has rarely garnered such international attention, could be a pivotal moment to renew proposals and policies 鈥� from mandating body cameras and collecting better race-based data to more politically divisive calls like 鈥渄efunding鈥� police 鈥� against the deafening silence of resignation and denial about racial discrimination worldwide.
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For Ms. Bentounsi in France, decades of discrimination made her brother Amine, a young man of North African descent with multiple theft and drug charges, a perfect candidate for police violence in a country that has long been taught to fear those like him.
She is not naive about her brother. At the age of 13, Mr.聽Bentounsi became the youngest French person to be imprisoned at the time, after setting a garbage can on fire outside a preschool. He spent the next decade in and out of jail. Then in 2012, after going on the run during a prison leave, police were called on him in a Paris suburb.
When they approached him, he threw a fake grenade and police shot him as he ran. He died at age 29.
Ms. Bentounsi聽says it鈥檚 almost as if her brother knew his fate before everyone else. His favorite song had been 鈥淗exagone,鈥� a 1975 French song that called France a police state. When Ms. Bentounsi poked fun at him for humming the old-fashioned tune, her brother scoffed back, 鈥淵ou don鈥檛 understand a thing.鈥�
Just how often minorities like him are killed at the hands of police is a narrative without data, since the government does not track race-based killings and censuses on race or ethnicity are banned in France. Instead anecdotes mount, often explosively.
In 2005, when minority youths were chased by police and two electrocuted after hiding in a power substation in the outskirts of Paris, it led to three weeks of rioting. France was roiled anew in debates about the marginalization of ethnic minorities after the terrorist attacks in 2015 in Paris. But little has moved to fully address the issue of inclusion in France and less to tackle race head-on.
Nacira Gu茅nif-Souilamas, a socio-anthropologist at the University of Paris 8, says the concept of the 鈥渙ther鈥� traces back to France鈥檚 foundation as a colonial power and slave state. 鈥淭his idea of the 鈥榦ther鈥� was always entrenched in how the French state thought of itself and how it exerted power,鈥� she says.
Even today there has been an unwillingness for the government to recognize race as a central issue of poverty, crime, or discriminating police surveillance. After the June 2 Paris protest, Christophe Castaner, France鈥檚 minister of the Interior, told the nation there was no structural racism within the French police. After a second week of protests exploded across the nation, he reiterated that the police as a system was not racist, but said that there would be zero tolerance for officers who are.
Sebastian Roch茅, a sociologist of police and security at the French National Center for Scientific Research, says a growing alliance of intellectuals, leftists, and minority voices are challenging the traditional narrative. 鈥淭here is a divorce between civil society and the state,鈥� he says.
That introspection is not limited to France. Over the weekend, as thousands took the streets in peaceful marches across the United Kingdom, signs bearing Mr. Floyd鈥檚 name and Black Lives Matter shared space with those linking U.S. racism to British colonialism. In Bristol, protesters tore down a controversial statue of a slave trader.
Ms. Bentounsi says now is the time to push changes that are garnering more mainstream attention beyond devastated families or activists. Her nonprofit has created an app called UVP (Urgence Violences Policieres, or Police Violence Emergency). Because the use of body cameras by French police has been spotty and victims complain they destroy phones or erase images taken by bystanders, the app would allow users to quickly upload images to the nonprofit to be reviewed by a lawyer to give society a broader view of discrimination at play.
鈥淲e as a nonprofit are deeply hurt by the comments being made [by the government or media] about this racist crime taking place in the U.S. when no one is even talking about what is happening in France.鈥澛�
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In Canada, that kind of denial has been easier to promulgate with its position next to the U.S., where racial divides often rage to the surface. Instead Canada promotes its tolerance and diversity as part of its national ethos, particularly in its biggest city, Toronto, which is among the world鈥檚 most multiethnic. But that鈥檚 not the Canada that many indigenous and non-white Canadians experience.
Race-based data is not systematically collected in Canada either. But the Ontario Human Rights Commission published that showed between 2013 and 2017, a Black person in Toronto was nearly 20 times more likely than a white person to be involved in a fatal shooting by the Toronto Police Service, despite Black people making up only 8.8% of Toronto鈥檚 population.
As protests mounted over the week eulogizing Ms. Korchinski-Paquet, Chantel Moore, a young First Nations woman living in New Brunswick, was shot by a police officer聽during a call to check on her well-being that is now under investigation. Denise O鈥橬eil Green, vice president of equity and community inclusion at Ryerson University in Toronto, says both cases have amplified the movement here, shattering the myth that racism doesn鈥檛 exist in Canada.
鈥淲hat I see here as a pivotal movement, not only in Canada but around the world, is that people see themselves reflected in this experience in terms of interactions with the police,鈥� she says. 鈥淭his moment I really see as a catalyst for people to begin to speak their own truths and be critical of their institutions of policing and how to begin to disrupt that.鈥�
It is a demand that is harder for leaders to ignore, as they field questions about requiring law enforcement to wear body cameras or reprioritizing funds from police to more robust social services. Last week the premiers of Quebec and Ontario denied systematic racism in their provinces, but under fire, Ontario Premier Doug Ford the next day walked back his statement.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau took a knee at a protest in Ottawa in a sign of solidarity with protests in the Canadian capital. Toronto Police Chief Mark Saunders did so on Friday, and then later announced he is resigning this summer. Blasted as hollow publicity stunts by some critics, other protesters say it鈥檚 a sign that white privilege can no longer remain unquestioned. Clive McFoy, a hospital worker originally from Jamaica who was at the Toronto protest Friday, says he brought his two聽college-aged sons to bear witness to what could become a moment of 鈥渟ocial change.鈥�
Says his son Keenan: 鈥淲hen I saw the video of Floyd, I was so angered. But I didn鈥檛 want to sit there and be angry,鈥� he says. 鈥淪eeing everything going on in the U.S. inspired me to want to do more. They are doing a bunch of stuff, why can鈥檛 we?鈥�
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The pandemic has ground the world to a halt. But it has put racial and class divides in sharp relief as poor minorities have been among the worst hit by COVID-19. That has lent more urgency to the anti-racism movement that is growing internationally 鈥� and given police more room to abuse powers, the very tactics for which protesters are demanding justice.
In the Mexican state of Jalisco, a young bricklayer named Giovanni L贸pez was detained by police last month for reportedly not wearing a face mask. He died after being taken into police custody. Over the past several days, angry, mostly young protesters have taken to the streets calling for an end to police brutality 鈥� a movement that was inspired by protests in the U.S. 鈥淚f this news about Giovanni came out before [the George Floyd demonstrations] we probably wouldn鈥檛 have seen protests like this,鈥� says Mar铆a Incl谩n, a professor of political science at Mexico鈥檚 Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE) who focuses on social movements.
Race has not risen to the fore at protests in Mexico, where the history of the Mexican Revolution defines all Mexicans as mestizo, a mix of indigenous and Spanish blood, history, and culture. That narrative has long served to shut down conversations on race, even though darker-skinned Mexicans live a daily reality of discrimination.
鈥淚t is based on this argument that we are all equal,鈥� says Valeria Angola, a member of the Afro-Mexican women鈥檚 collective Flores de Jamaica, which was founded to draw attention to the realities of being Black in Mexico. 鈥淏ut when you start to see who can access higher education or who can stay home or maintain a healthy distance during COVID-19, you realize in reality we are not equal.鈥�
A 2017 study published by Vanderbilt University鈥檚 Latin American Public Opinion Project found that 鈥渞ace is the single most important determinant of a Mexican citizen鈥檚 economic and educational attainment.鈥� There鈥檚 a 45% gap in educational achievement between the darkest- and lightest-skinned Mexicans, the report found.
Report co-author Daniel Zizumbo says that because racism doesn鈥檛 exist in the national discourse, there are few studies on how racial bias plays out in policing or the judicial system. 鈥淲e know this [bias] happens in the U.S., but in Mexico everyone assumes that we are colorblind. And because of that, we don鈥檛 have the chance to study it profoundly or implement policies that cite these biases.鈥�
But now some Mexicans are calling for recognition of how much discrimination penetrates every facet of Mexican society, often with life-or-death stakes. Celebrities like actor Gael Garc铆a Bernal and director Guillermo del Toro have spoken out about police brutality and the need for justice in Mr. L贸pez鈥檚 death. And individuals are trying to start conversations among their peers about the role of race in everyday life.
鈥淎re you against racism in the U.S.鈥� ? But in Mexico you say chacha [infantilizing slang for a housekeeper], indio [Indian], you make fun of [Oscar-nominated indigenous actress] Yalitzia [Aparicio] ...鈥� wrote Ana Carlota Hervel, a lawyer in Mexico City, on her Facebook page.
鈥淚 have seen a lot of reactions here in Mexico [to the George Floyd protests in the US] that have surprised me,鈥� says Ms. Angola. 鈥淭his wave of indignation has been ignited.鈥�
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In South Africa, some activists have drawn strength from the movement growing around the globe.
When a man named Collins Khosa was killed by soldiers enforcing South Africa鈥檚 strict lockdown in April, there was an initial outcry. But it grew in strength and intensity after protests began in the U.S. following the killing of Mr. Floyd.
Young Black activists like Tumi Moloto, who is referred to as they, said they saw it as their responsibility to speak out against both Mr. Khosa鈥檚 killing and that of Mr. Floyd. Such international solidarity in the anti-apartheid movement was a crucial part of the fight, they say. 鈥淪o we as South Africans need to see the struggle of Black people anywhere as the struggle of Black people everywhere.鈥�
鈥淭he silver lining here is that what鈥檚 happening in the U.S. right now is showing us that a different world is possible. The conversations are beginning in the U.S. and South Africa [around police brutality],鈥� they add. 鈥淢aybe they are the start of that different world we鈥檝e been dreaming of.鈥�
But for many that global fight begins with the fight for justice for each individual life, including Mr. Traor茅, Mr. Bentounsi, Ms. Korchinski-Paquet, Ms. Moore, Mr. L贸pez, and Mr. Khosa. It鈥檚 a movement that has also grown from Minneapolis, where Mr. Floyd was killed, across the world. Activists in the American city have erected memorials shaped like tombstones across a green lawn, listing 100 African Americans who have died in the U.S. at the hands of police. In white block letters laid out in the grass, three words that have become a rallying cry now around the world, spell clearly: 鈥淪ay Their Names.鈥�
Editor鈥檚 note: This story has been updated to correct names and misspellings.
