海角大神

In his meeting with controversial county clerk Kim Davis last Thursday, Pope Francis reportedly told Ms. Davis to 鈥渟tand strong鈥� as she stands up for her religious beliefs in rural Kentucky.

The meeting between the pontiff and a woman who went to jail for five days for defying a Supreme Court order to allow same-sex couples to marry came before Francis made comments about 鈥渃onscientious objection鈥� as a human right, even for government officials.

In some ways, the meeting fit with the pope鈥檚 focus on the 鈥渟pirit of encounter鈥� as well as his unorthodox meetings with people he calls on the 鈥減eripheries.鈥� And it also came days after he met with nuns fighting an Obamacare mandate on contraceptives, another front in the American cultural wars.

But the 15-minute t锚te-脿-t锚te at the Vatican Embassy in Washington also jarred a number of narratives from the pope鈥檚 historic visit, suggesting to some critics that the pontiff condoned Davis鈥� actions 鈥� which critics say amount to imposing her personal religious beliefs, in violation of the Constitution, on same-sex couples seeking marriage licenses.

The decision by the pope to give his personal blessing 鈥� and a rosary 鈥� to Davis thrust the pontiff into one of America鈥檚 most volatile cultural battles.

In other ways, however, Francis focused Rome鈥檚 gaze on the changing dynamics of religious freedom in the progressive era, offering a moment of pause for many Americans to consider growing questions about how the United States handles religious objections to same-sex unions.

鈥淚 think both sides have either tried to vilify or champion Kim Davis in one way or another, but what they鈥檙e forgetting is that the central issue here is of religious freedom in the US, and how we treat it. What does it mean, and what are its boundaries?鈥� says Joe Valenzano, an expert on religious rhetoric at the University of Dayton in Ohio. 鈥淭he fact is, both sides have made just a colossal mess out of this to further their own perspective, rather than focusing on what could be a productive conversation for society.鈥�

The Vatican confirmed the meeting, but gave no further commentary, potentially suggesting that it didn鈥檛 want to get into the political details of the struggle over same-sex marriage in Rowan County, Ky. For some Vatican observers, it wasn鈥檛 surprising that the pope, a religious figure, met with someone who has become a lightning rod for her religious beliefs.

The pope 鈥渢ook somebody on the front of the newspapers for faith-related concerns and met with her,鈥� says Professor Valenzano. 鈥淸The pope told Davis that] you don鈥檛 lose faith because you lose a battle. That鈥檚 not the pope weighing in on the culture wars or endorsing Kim Davis鈥檚 position. That鈥檚 the pope endorsing the idea that religion is important to people.鈥�

Yet for all the pope鈥檚 focus on moral values, the meeting with Davis and the nuns could have a political impact, writes John Allen Jr., on , a Catholic news site. For one, he writes, the meeting 鈥渕eans that Francis has significantly strengthened the hand of the US bishops and other voices in American debates defending religious freedom.鈥�

The meeting also could give more direct encouragement to other US officials who have declined to offer marriage licenses to same-sex couples. A number of clerks and other government officials have followed Davis鈥檚 lead, refusing to abide by the Supreme Court鈥檚 June ruling declaring same-sex marriage a constitutional right.

The problem with that strategy, however, is that Davis, for one, represents what Doug Laycock calls a poor example of a religious martyr. He points out that Davis didn鈥檛 just want an opt-out from signing marriage licenses for same-sex couples. Instead, after her release from jail, she changed the Rowan County license form to take the name of the county off the form 鈥� a change the plaintiffs argue violates the judge鈥檚 order.

鈥淜im Davis gives religious liberty a bad name, and endangers it for everybody,鈥� says Professor Laycock, a religious liberty expert at the University of Virginia Law School in Charlottesville. 鈥淪he does not have to issue marriage licenses. But the county is not entitled to exemption, because the county does not have a religion. That鈥檚 the fundamental distinction.鈥�

Those nuances may have been lost on the pope, Mr. Laycock suggests.

鈥淚f you come here from Rome, if you鈥檙e not closely following this, you don鈥檛 have any sort of deep understanding of US law,鈥� he says.

The pontiff made waves in the US during his visit for his attempt to expand the Catholic church鈥檚 influence beyond the culture wars. He weighed in on climate change and the death penalty, bolstering his bona fides among US liberals. But he also buckled down on church doctrine on abortion and threats to the sanctity of marriage, to the applause of conservatives.

鈥淚 can鈥檛 have in mind all the cases that can exist about conscientious objection,鈥� the pope said on the papal plane last week, 鈥渂ut yes, I can say that conscientious objection is a right that is a part of every human right. It is a right.鈥�

鈥淎nd if a person does not allow others to be a conscientious objector, he denies a right,鈥� he said, adding, in what may have been a reference to Davis, 鈥淚t is a human right, and if a government official is a human person, he has that right.鈥�

For American political operatives, the pope鈥檚 message may ultimately be frustrating for its nuance. And that may be just fine with the pontiff. As Elizabeth Buerlin writes in the , 鈥淧ope Francis maintains a conservative position on the morality of marriage, and he is concerned for 海角大神s who find their practice constrained by law. But he has also emphasized openness toward LGBT Catholics, famously asking, when queried about gay Catholics, 鈥榃ho am I to judge?鈥� 鈥�

In that way, she writes, Francis has, at least until now, shied away from directly engaging 鈥渢he psychodrama of the American culture wars.鈥�

But by meeting with Davis privately, the pope, at the very least, showed a willingness to take a stand on religious liberty, even if it tarnished his message in the eyes of some Americans.

鈥淭he news that Pope Francis met privately ... with Kim Davis throws a wet blanket on the good will that the pontiff had garnered during his US visit,鈥澛燜rancis DeBernardo, executive director of gay and lesbian Catholic advocacy group New Ways Ministry, told Reuters in an e-mail.

At the same time, some Americans said the visit may have helped humanize a polarizing figure in the struggle between deeply-felt religious beliefs and the equally deep desire by many gay Americans to marry.

鈥淎ny time you get people talking and meeting and listening, even if they don't agree, as long as there is a dialogue, I think we are better as a nation,鈥� Judy Fitzpatrick, a Catholic who describes herself as moderate Republican, told a new Ipsos/Reuters poll, after hearing about Francis meeting Davis.