Is Obama favoring donors in ambassador appointments? That's nothing new.
As it moved forward on backlogged nominations yesterday, , and that didn鈥檛 make Sen. John McCain (R) of Arizona happy at all:
The Senate confirmed a producer of the soap opera 鈥淭he Bold and The Beautiful鈥� today to serve as ambassador to Hungary, and Sen. John McCain is not happy about it.
Prior to the vote, McCain, R-Ariz., went on a tirade about how Colleen Bradley Bell, a soap opera producer and bundler for President Obama鈥檚 campaigns, is 鈥渦nqualified鈥� to represent the United States as an ambassador to Hungary.
鈥淲e鈥檙e about to vote on a totally unqualified individual to be ambassador to a nation which is very important to our national security interest,鈥� McCain said on the Senate floor. 鈥淗er qualifications are as a producer of the television soap opera 鈥楾he Bold and The Beautiful,鈥� contributed 800,000 [dollars] to Obama in the last election and bundled more than $2.1 million for President Obama鈥檚 re-election effort.鈥�
鈥淚 am not against political appointees 鈥� I understand how the game is played, but here we are, a nation [Hungary] that is on the verge of ceding its sovereignty to a neo-fascist dictator getting in bed with Vladimir Putin and we鈥檙e going to send the producer of 鈥楾he Bold and The Beautiful鈥� as the ambassador,鈥� McCain continued. 鈥淚 urge my colleagues to put a stop to this foolishness. I urge a no vote.鈥�
Regardless of McCain鈥檚 urging, the Senate confirmed Bell to the ambassador post with a vote of 52-42.
McCain鈥檚 displeasure with Bell鈥檚 qualifications stems from a contentious confirmation hearing earlier this year when from senators. In her questioning with McCain, Bell struggled to name the U.S. strategic interests in Hungary. Here鈥檚 an excerpt from the hearing:
MCCAIN: So what would you be doing differently from your predecessor, who obviously had very rocky relations with the present government?
BELL: If confirmed, I look forward to working with the broad range of society 鈥�
MCCAIN: My question was, what would you do differently?
BELL: Senator, in terms of what I would do differently from my predecessor, Kounalakis 鈥�
MCCAIN: That鈥檚 the question.
BELL: Well, what I would like to do when 鈥� if confirmed 鈥� I would like to work towards engaging civil society in a deeper 鈥� in a deeper 鈥�
MCCAIN: Obviously, you don鈥檛 want to answer my question.
If anything good can be said about Bell鈥檚 response here, it is that at least she didn鈥檛 struggle with having to respond about the last time she had actually visited the nation that she would be serving as the diplomatic face of the United States, .
The White House, meanwhile,
It鈥檚 not every day that White House has to defend its decision to nominate a soap opera producer to represent the country on one of the highest diplomatic levels.
But it was that kind of Tuesday.
Asked at the daily press briefing what makes 鈥淭he Bold and The Beautiful鈥� producer Colleen Bell qualified to serve as U.S. Ambassador to Hungary, White House spokesman Josh Earnest didn鈥檛 exactly have an explanation.
鈥�(She鈥檚) somebody who obviously has succeeded in, you know, in the business world,鈥� Earnest said.
鈥淎nd she is somebody that the President has confidence will be able to maintain our relationship with the government and the people of Hungary.鈥�
Earnest also denied that Bell鈥檚 hand in raising millions of dollars for the President鈥檚 re-election campaign had anything to do with her appointment.
鈥淲ell, I can tell you that that鈥檚 not the reason she was chosen,鈥� he said.
Earnest said the reason Bell was nominated for the post was because the President 鈥渉as complete confidence in her ability to represent the United States in that country.鈥�
of that portion of the White House press briefing:
The truth, of course, is that Bell鈥檚 appointment is just another example of a very old game in Washington in which campaign donors and friends of the president end up getting rewarded with largely symbolic positions on government commissions or appointments to ambassadorial positions, usually in countries that are not among the more important when it comes to world affairs. Not surprisingly, these end up being nations where the duties of the ambassador end up being largely ceremonial and US relations with the country in question are sufficiently solid that sending what amounts to a symbolic appointment to be the nation鈥檚 chief diplomatic representative would not be seen as an insult.
A quick Google search this morning, for example, yielded some interesting results from the American Foreign Service Association, which has cataloged every ambassadorial appointment from President Gerald Ford through President Obama (to date, obviously) and grouped those appointments into 鈥渃areer鈥� appointments, meaning that the appointee came from within the career foreign service and 鈥減olitical鈥� which they means they came from outside, and found this:
- made 97 appointments during his brief time in office, 60 (61.9 percent) of which were career appointments and 37 (38.2 percent) of which were political;
- made 202 appointments during his four years in office, 148 (73.27 percent) of them career appointments, and 54 (26.73 percent) of them political;
- made 420 appointments over eight years, 261 (62 percent) of them career appointments, and 159 (38 percent) political appointments;
- made 214 appointments in four years, 147 (68.69 percent) of them career appointments, and 67 (31.30 percent) political appointments;
- made 417 appointments over eight years, 300 (71.94 percent) of them career appointments, and 117 (28.06 percent) political appointments;
- made 453 appointments in his eight years in office, 318 (70.2 percent) of them career appointments, and 135 (28.9 percent) political appointments; and finally,
- has, to date, made 378 appointments since 2009, 245 (64.8 percent) of them career appointments, and 133 (35.2 percent) political appointments
On average, these numbers show that presidential ambassadorial appointments have come from the career foreign service roughly 67.54 percent of the time and from 鈥減olitical鈥� appointments roughly 32.54 percent of the time. Among presidents who have served a full eight years in office, the average has been 68.05 percent career appointees and 31.95 percent 鈥減olitical鈥� appointees. Not all of these political appointees have been donors or buddies of the president, of course, but many of them have.
The US ambassador to Mexico during much of the Reagan administration, for example, was John Gavin, a former Hollywood actor who was close to Reagan personally. The US ambassador to the Bahamas during a good portion of the Clinton Administration was , a former professional football player who also happens to be the husband of Rep. Maxine Waters. The ambassador to Belize during George W. Bush鈥檚 second term was Robert Dieter, the president鈥檚 former roommate at Yale. So, yes, Bell鈥檚 appointment to the ambassadorship in Hungary is political, but that鈥檚 not unusual given recent history and Obama鈥檚 鈥減olitical鈥� vs. career appointment ratio isn鈥檛 all that different from the recent historical norm.
On some level, I suppose, one can lament the fact that any of these ambassadorships are being handed out for political reasons, but this is, for better or worse how things have always been done and it doesn鈥檛 really seem to have had any impact on how foreign policy is conducted. One reason this is the case is that, by and large, a look at the lists I鈥檝e linked above shows that the appointments to nations that would have been considered important at the given time were almost exclusively from among the career foreign service.
This makes sense because, to the extent the pool of such candidates is limited, you鈥檇 want to use them on the nations where a direct relationship between the ambassador and the people in charge is important, or where it calls for someone who can navigate diplomatic minefield. In other parts of the world, where the ambassador is as much a goodwill face of the nation and someone who exists to promote good relations and trade, much of those duties can be carried out at the sub-ambassadorial level, where the positions are indeed filled with people with foreign service experience.
Additionally, now that we live in a world of near instant communications where the president, White House chief of staff, secretary of State, or any other official can be put in contact with their counterpart anywhere in the world with relative ease, the role of the ambassador has changed significantly from the what it was in the days of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, or even from what it was in more recent decades. When officials in Washington can largely get in contact with whomever they need to whenever they want, the role of the person representing the nation in the capital city of another nation is naturally going to become far less diplomatic in the formal sense, and far more akin to the role of a cultural, trade, and tourism ambassador.
This, along with the the tremendous goodwill that the Japanese people still have for John F. Kennedy, for example, is a good reason why Caroline Kennedy鈥檚 appointment as ambassador to Japan a few years back was not very surprising. Japan remains an important ally, of course, but the role of the ambassador has changed given modern technology and all of the other ties between Washington and Tokyo.
That鈥檚 not to say that technology has made ambassadors superfluous, of course, but things have changed enough that we may start to see more 鈥減olitical鈥� appointments in the future than we have in the past. After all, if ambassador is basically just becoming a symbolic position, then its far less important to have experienced diplomats fill those roles.
Doug Mataconis appears on the Outside the Beltway blog at .
