The groups that were targeted by the IRS were applying for 501(c)(4) status, a designation for nonprofit groups promoting social welfare causes. Such groups are allowed to participate in politics and can even influence elections through advertising, but their primary focus must be social welfare 鈥 which, confusingly, can include advocating legislation and issues.
As such, 501(c)(4)s are restricted to spend less than 50 percent of their money for political purposes.