Tens of thousands of protest calls didn't stop DeVos. But they're not in vain.
| Washington
Thousands of Alaskans have contacted their Republican senator, Lisa Murkowski, with concerns about Betsy DeVos as President Trump鈥檚 Education secretary. They called. They emailed. They saw her in person.
Mrs. DeVos, they argued, didn鈥檛 have enough public education experience, and her emphasis on school choice could threaten the state鈥檚 isolated rural schools. More than 80 percent of Alaska鈥檚 communities are not attached by a road. They have no school choice.
Senator Murkowski heard her constituents. On Tuesday, she voted against DeVos鈥檚 confirmation. But only one other Republican joined her, despite Democrats' all-night marathon of floor speeches urging more GOP defections.
In the end, Vice President Mike Pence was forced to come to the Senate to break a 50-to-50 tie. It was an historic first for a cabinet confirmation.
The failure to stop DeVos 鈥� despite hundreds of thousands of calls and emails to senators and protests at their home offices 鈥� might lead citizens to believe that voicing their concerns is ineffective. Indeed, polling shows that only about 1 in 10 Americans think that members of Congress care about what constituents think.
The opposite is true.
鈥淥ne of the myths is that the public believes their voice doesn鈥檛 make a difference. But in survey after survey [of members of Congress], constituents are central to legislators鈥� decisionmaking,鈥� says Bradford Fitch, president of the nonpartisan Congressional Management Foundation, which helps connect constituents and lawmakers.
Effective advocacy, however, depends on a whole host of variables, he and others say 鈥� from the issue itself, to the way in which a lawmaker is contacted, to whether a lawmaker is undecided or not.
An 'El Ni帽o' of protest
Mr. Fitch says the flood of calls over DeVos's nomination is an "El Ni帽o," the sort of super storm of protest that slams Capitol Hill only every four or five years.
He recalls the 2009 tea party protests at legislators鈥� town halls over the Affordable Care Act, and the 2006 citizen push-back over immigration reform. The protests killed reform that year, and the GOP promise to repeal 鈥� and later replace 鈥� Obamacare helped Republicans gain control of Congress and the White House.
Since his inauguration, Mr. Trump has faced a wall of resistance from his opponents, and Fitch wonders if this intensity is going to be the 鈥渘ew normal.鈥�
It鈥檚 a combination of organized and organic activism, with advocacy groups emailing supporters or posting on Facebook instructions on how to reach members of Congress 鈥� in person, through calls, and electronically.
The instructions pass along tips like including your ZIP code and also scripts and talking points for people who might be nervous about calling Washington.
Hill staffers have been inundated. Sen. Bob Casey (D) of Pennsylvania was contacted more than 100,000 times聽by Pennsylvanians opposed to DeVos, more than he's received for any nomination in his 10 years in the Senate.
Constituents are encountering busy signals and full voicemail boxes. Julia Silge, a Utah resident who strongly opposes DeVos and , Orrin Hatch, ordered a pizza to be delivered to his Salt Lake City office. The pizza came with a message to vote 鈥渘o鈥� on Devos. She added a $10 tip to ensure delivery.
It was a creative idea. But don鈥檛 try it. The pizza was refused delivery because nobody in the office had ordered it. The office reported it to police and Ms. Silge from security at the building about a 鈥渟uspicious pizza.鈥�
We listen, but we need you to be specific
Silge鈥檚 ham-and-pineapple pizza may have failed to reach her senator鈥檚 office, but it followed what advocacy experts say is a must: It made a specific request. It asked a senator to do something for which he or she can later be held accountable.
On the other hand, general messages, such as ones to 鈥渟upport women鈥� during the post-inauguration women鈥檚 march, are hard to pin a senator down on. Fitch says, 鈥淎 senator鈥檚 going to say, 鈥榊eah, I support women.鈥� 鈥�
Blanket opposition to all things Trump 鈥� for instance, to his cabinet 鈥� doesn鈥檛 resonate much with Sen. John Boozman (R) of Arkansas. People who voted for him are happy that the president is acting on his promises, while many of Trump鈥檚 opponents want the senator to vote against all of his cabinet choices.
鈥淚t鈥檚 not so much, 鈥榃e鈥檙e opposed to this or that cabinet secretary; we鈥檙e opposed to all of the president鈥檚 choices,鈥� which for me, is a red flag that that鈥檚 not very thoughtful,鈥� said the senator in an interview in his office on Monday.
Like Murkowski's, his office has also been flooded with calls since Inauguration Day. 鈥淚t鈥檚 been crazy,鈥� a staffer tells touring visitors, even as the phones ring on two desks in the front office. Calls coming in from residents in other states are being forwarded to the appropriate senator.
Senator Boozman says he takes constituent input and response very seriously.
鈥淲e work really hard to represent everybody. And if somebody鈥檚 calling from Arkansas and they鈥檝e got concerns, then we鈥檙e going to listen to them and we鈥檙e going to take notes. I really do look at this stuff.鈥� 聽But, he continues, blanket opposition to everything 鈥渒ind of marginalizes you鈥� as a constituent.
Why a letter might be better
Fitch suggests that when Congress moves from nominees to issues 鈥� such as immigration 鈥� advocates might have a better chance of success, particularly if they hit on one or more of the three "H"s: head, heart, and political health.
While phone calls will be tabulated as 鈥渇or鈥� or 鈥渁gainst,鈥� emails, letters, and social media can tell stories that pull emotional strings, he explains. Indeed, senators often read from constituent letters on the floor. And in-person encounters can make a tremendous difference, as the tea party learned from town halls.
But the division of America into starkly red and blue states may weaken constituent ability to influence Congress, points out Jeremy Mayer, a political science professor at George Mason University in Arlington, Va.
鈥淐alls measure intensity of constituent opinion and they matter even today,鈥� he says. 鈥淏ut they matter a lot less than they used to and that鈥檚 because of polarization.鈥�
Red-state senators will care more about fending off a primary challenger than pleasing voters who will never support them anyway, he explains.
But Fitch sees advocacy and citizen participation 鈥� on both sides 鈥� as alive and well. Those who wanted to shake things up made their voice heard in November, and now opponents are doing the same.
鈥淎t the center of all of this is Donald Trump,鈥� says Fitch. 鈥淗e certainly has gotten people engaged.鈥�
