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The mistrial of a former police officer videotaped fatally shooting an unarmed black man five times in the back raises new questions about how the high standing officers enjoy in the criminal justice system could affect meaningful police accountability.

Prosecutors have said they will seek a new trial in the death of Walter Scott, the North Charleston, S.C., motorist killed by former officer Michael Slager after a routine traffic stop. But the fact that the jury deadlocked in what many observers 鈥� police officers included 鈥� saw as a relatively open-and-shut case underscores the difficulty of convicting police officers.

鈥淚t鈥檚 notoriously very difficult to get criminal convictions in these cases,鈥� says Kami Chavis Simmons, director of the criminal justice program at Wake Forest University School of Law. 鈥淭here are some [cases] that are just much more ambiguous than others, and to a lot of people this looked like a clear-cut case.鈥�

Last week, reports suggested that only one juror was responsible for the deadlock. But a note given to Judge Clifton Newman Monday indicated that a majority of jurors could not agree on a verdict. Jurors had three options: murder, voluntary manslaughter, or acquittal.

The inability to reach a verdict after 22 hours of deliberation over four days was a surprise given the course the case had taken to this point.

In general, police officers involved in the most high-profile fatal incidents of recent years have been cleared of wrongdoing 鈥� from Ferguson, Mo., to Staten Island in New York, to Baltimore. But the case against Mr. Slager had been different.

Three days after the incident, a bystander video surfaced appearing to contradict Slager鈥檚 initial report 鈥� that, after Mr. Scott fled a traffic stop for a broken tail light, Scott attacked Slager and took his Taser, leading Slager to use lethal force. After the video become public, Slager was arrested, fired from the North Charleston Police Department, and charged with murder.

Slager鈥檚 mere presence in jail was unusual. More unusual was Judge Newman鈥檚 decision to deny Slager鈥檚 request to be released on bond.

Now, the case has further highlighted how hard convicting police officers on criminal charges is. Prosecutors face a high burden of proof that an officer鈥檚 use of force was unreasonable, and judges and juries tend to be sympathetic to the dangerous nature of officers鈥� work.

Slager鈥檚 lawyers argued that the former officer had shot Scott out of fear for his own life. Testifying in his own defense, Slager said he felt 鈥渢otal fear鈥� and fired his weapon 鈥渦ntil the threat was stopped, like I鈥檓 trained to do.鈥�

Defense attorney Andrew Savage also warned of the implications of convicting of a police officer. 鈥淭heir greatest protection is the support of the community,鈥� during closing arguments.

On Monday, jurors asked the judge why voluntary manslaughter had been added as potential verdict and whether the rules for self-defense were different for police than for civilians.

Prosecutors could drop the murder charge when they re-try the case, or a plea deal could be offered. Slager also faces a federal trial for violating Scott鈥檚 civil rights, with a trial scheduled for next year.

Before Judge Newman declared the mistrial, Charles Wilson, chairman of the National Association of Black Law Enforcement Officers, had expected a manslaughter conviction.

鈥淚t鈥檚 seriously hard to convict a police officer of a murder charge, it really is,鈥� says Mr. Wilson, a former cop who served in Rhode Island and Ohio. 鈥淣o matter what people think about police officers, in these kinds of situations they are still very willing to give the police officer the benefit of the doubt.鈥�

The Slager trial has come as Americans鈥� confidence in the police has after a 22-year low in 2015. Professor Chavis Simmons, a former assistant United States attorney, says cases like this are important to law enforcement accountability in the long-term.

鈥淚鈥檓 not privy to all the evidence, so if the jury couldn鈥檛 decide they did the right thing in not deciding,鈥� she says. 鈥淏ut I think this is very tragic, and I think we have to be very careful about sending a message that it鈥檚 OK for police officers to react in this manner.鈥�