海角大神

Police and some lawmakers are becoming increasingly concerned about the DIY gunmakers movement. But it's not the new, homemade weapons as much as the lack of a serial numbers to track these so-called "ghost guns" that has them thinking of ways to grapple with the trend.听

Firearm enthusiasts and hobbyists have long sought to customize and build their own guns, and technology is making it easier than ever before. With the rise of 3D printing, gunmaking has become both more affordable and accessible. Gun collectors and Second Amendment activists see this as technological progress that makes it easier to access their right to assemble their own weapons, or pieces of them, in their homes.

But the DIY gun movement also allows irresponsible gun owners to fly under the radar, potentially placing weapons without serial numbers in the hands of convicted felons or mentally unstable individuals.听

Is the rise of the DIY gun a major concern for law enforcement?听

鈥淲e鈥檙e flailing away in the gun control area and kind of jumping from one thing to another,鈥� Jim Jacobs, the director of the Center for Research in Crime and Justice at New York University, tells 海角大神. 鈥淭hat makes a certain amount of sense because there are immense amounts of guns and an immense amount of ways to move into the illegitimate markets.鈥�

Federal law doesn't require that homemade guns for personal use bear a serial number, and there's no need to pass a background check or wait through the mandated three-day period to obtain a license to build the weapons. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms defines these weapons as 鈥渦nfinished鈥� or 鈥�80 percent鈥� receivers, but they鈥檙e commonly known as 鈥済host guns.鈥� While the trend has raised alarm among law enforcement and caught the attention of legislators, experts say the loophole is just one of many that makes obtaining unlicensed or undocumented weapons easier.

鈥�,鈥� Lieutenant Lanny Edwards, who works for the police department in Walnut Creek, Calif., an affluent city near Oakland, told The Trace. When investigating a 2015 murder, his department found two guns, each without a serial number. 鈥淲ith a ghost gun, it鈥檚 just a piece of metal. There鈥檚 no way to track it back.鈥�

But there鈥檚 no sure, sweeping reform that can immediately eradicate that issue.

鈥淚t鈥檚 like trying to plug every loophole,鈥� Dr. Jacobs says of legislative reform.

In June, California legislators passed a law that will restrict how homemade guns can be sold and require . The law, which was previously vetoed by the governor, is slated to come into effect by 2019. It's the first state to pass such a law on ghost guns.听

But some intent on keeping their guns under the government radar have launched new ventures that allow them to market unfinished receivers or even 3D printing patterns to buyers, creating a modern system through which they can build their own weapons. Cody Wilson, founder and director of the Austin-based nonprofit Defense Distributed, has sold both, beginning with a 3D print model a few years ago and recently rolling out the Ghost Gunner, which manufactures rifles' lower receivers to completion.听

鈥淭he Second Amendment to us is a do-it-yourself project,鈥� Mr. Wilson tells the Monitor. 鈥淚f you can have a homemade gun and no one knows about it, you have political power.鈥�

Wilson, whose widely available 3D printing patterns , says that the Ghost Gunner draws buyers from across the nation, with about a third coming from the state with the largest assault rifle market in the country: California. He describes his customer base as mostly white men ages 40 to 60 who partake in gunsmithing as a hobby.

But his weapons don鈥檛 necessarily require intimate knowledge to assemble 鈥撎齛s Andy Greenberg, a writer for Wired, proved last year when he put a Ghost Gunner together in his office.

鈥淚 did this mostly alone. I have and a Cro-Magnon man鈥檚 mastery of power tools,鈥� he wrote. 鈥淪till, I made a fully metal, functional, and accurate AR-15.鈥�

鈥淭o be specific, I made the rifle鈥檚 lower receiver; that鈥檚 the body of the gun, the only part that US law defines and regulates as a 鈥榝irearm,鈥欌�� he continued. 鈥淎ll I needed for my entirely legal DIY gunsmithing project was about six hours, a 12-year-old鈥檚 understanding of computer software, an $80 chunk of aluminum, and a nearly featureless black 1-cubic-foot desktop milling machine called the Ghost Gunner.鈥�

Wilson says that he ships nearly 200 packages of Ghost Gunner parts a month, sending out more than 2,500 since the project launched. Sales have increased with the anxieties surrounding the presidential election and fears that a predicted Hillary Clinton victory would result in curbed gun rights.

The weapons carry a price tag of around $1,500 鈥撎齦ess costly than 3D printing options. Still, it鈥檚 easier for criminals to obtain guns by stealing them, Wilson says, arguing that it is unnecessary to make make legislation that restricts homemade gun access.

Therefore, he says,听鈥淢y response is pure contempt,鈥� he says. 鈥淚 don鈥檛 accept any argument that any California Democrat makes about guns. It can鈥檛 be taken seriously.鈥�

Given other loopholes, like those that exempt private sellers without a federal license from doing background checks, some say the ghost guns aren鈥檛 positioned to become a more likely way to acquire a gun, or hide it from law enforcement.

鈥淢ost of the guns used in crime cannot be traced to the offender through the serial number given our current system even if the first sale of the gun were through a dealer,鈥� Philip Cook, a public policy professor at Duke University, tells the Monitor. 鈥淎nybody who doesn鈥檛 want the gun traced to them has well established ways now, to which this a new option. It鈥檚 not clearly a better or more successful to what already exists.鈥澨�

Even if legislatures do pass restrictions on undocumented firearms, enforcement can prove difficult: overly taxing for听a police department鈥檚 resources, or even impossible when it comes to homemade weapons kept in an individual鈥檚 home.

Gun-regulation advocates say that there's no clear answer to reducing the听use of undocumented or illegally obtained weapons, but a multi-faceted approach is a place to start. Taking steps to tackle the factors that facilitate crime, including gang- and domestic violence, or drug trafficking, can help to decrease the number of crimes involving guns, whether they be registered, stolen, or homemade. Those methods, while actively听prosecuting perpetrators of gun crimes, can deter violence in ways that closing loopholes may not.听

鈥淭hey try to press on all these different routes,鈥� Dr. Jacobs says. 鈥淭here is no panacea. There鈥檚 a lot of simplistic thinking in this area that just passing another law will solve the problem. It鈥檚 becoming more complex. Technology just kind of washes over the whole regulatory system.鈥�