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Recent developments in the investigation into the Boston bombings suggest an easing in the decades-old distrust that has marked US-Russia counterterrorism cooperation.

No less a figure than Russian President Vladimir Putin 鈥� perhaps with one eye on the 2014 Winter Olympics in the Black Sea city of Sochi and mindful of how the Boston Marathon bombings targeted a high-profile athletic event 鈥� is calling for his country and the US to overcome old suspicions, saying the two countries are confronting the same terrorism.

But even after Mr. Putin and President Obama pledged in a phone call last week to improve information sharing, concerns and doubts about the other side鈥檚 motives are likely to hamper future cooperation, some US officials and experts in US-Russia relations say.

鈥淲e鈥檙e seeing the Russians pass on what information they have, and we鈥檙e seeing some notable atmospherics [such as the Putin-Obama phone call] as well,鈥� says Mark Galeotti, an expert in US-Russia security and intelligence cooperation at New York University鈥檚 Center for Global Affairs. 鈥淏ut we鈥檝e also seen in the past even dramatic increases in intelligence cooperation 鈥� that didn鈥檛 last.鈥�

One such surge in cooperation occurred after the 9/11 attacks, he notes, when US concerns over Al Qaeda led to a more singular perspective between the two countries on the threat of Islamist extremism. 鈥淏ut then we saw a fairly rapid deterioration in cooperation, too,鈥� he adds.

More broadly, the two countries are unlikely to overcome their sharp differences over whether the rebellion in Russia鈥檚 North Caucasus region is a fight for independence from a repressive central power, or is the work of Islamist terrorists.

That same divide is also apparent in the two countries鈥� perspectives on the civil war in Syria 鈥� where Russia sees Syrian President Bashar al-Assad under attack from Islamist terrorists, many of them foreigners, while the US takes the Western perspective on Syria of a ruthless leader battling a legitimate but fractured insurgency with Islamist extremist elements.

The US and the West are unlikely to shift to Russia鈥檚 thinking on Syria as a result of the Boston bombings. But what could occur is a greater willingness on the part of the US and its allies to at least take Russia鈥檚 perspective into consideration, Dr. Galeotti says.

鈥淭here鈥檚 been a tendency to almost automatically discount the Russian point of view [on Syria], and that has made the West slow in the understanding that the rebels aren鈥檛 all the most savory individuals and some of them are closely affiliated with Al Qaeda,鈥� he says. 鈥淭hat doesn鈥檛 mean we鈥檒l see the US adopt the Russian point of view, but as long as the Russians don鈥檛 push too hard I do think we鈥檒l see a greater understanding of their position.鈥�

In the aftermath of the Boston bombings, where the two suspects are immigrant brothers from Russia鈥檚 war-torn North Caucasus region, there are some signs of improved cooperation. Russian officials told US investigators that their concerns about Tamerlan Tsarnaev, the older of the two bombing suspects who was killed in a shoot-out with police, were based in part on a wiretapped 2011 phone call between Tsarnaev in the US and his mother in the North Caucasus region of Dagestan.

Russian officials shared their concerns about Tsarnaev with the US in 2011, claiming at the time that the Russian identifying as an ethnic Chechen had radicalized and planned to return to the North Caucasus region to meet with extremist groups.

But it was not until after the Boston bombings that the Russians revealed that their concerns were based on intercepted phone calls where 鈥渏ihad,鈥� which can mean holy war, was discussed. A second conversation involved Tsarnaev鈥檚 mother, Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, and another person in Russia.

Some Russian officials now say that Russian intelligence agents informed the FBI last fall that Tamerlan Tsarnaev met with militants in Dagestan when he visited the hotbed of Islamist insurgency last year.

Some intelligence experts have speculated that one of the militants may have been Shakrudin Askhabov, who became known by the Russians simply as 鈥渢he bomber鈥� after he was implicated in a series of bombings in Dagestan last year.

Mr. Askhabov was one of two suspected rebels killed Sunday by Russian security forces carrying out a counterterrorism operation in Dagestan. Askhabov had risen in prominence after the leader of the militant group he followed, Abu Dujan, was killed in December by Russian forces.

When Tamerlan Tsarnaev returned to Boston last fall from his six-month-long trip to Dagestan he linked to Youtube videos featuring Abu Dujan, but it is not yet clear if his connection to the militant leader ended there.

With no clear evidence that Tsarnaev had met with or somehow had the backing of extremist groups, most experts still favor the theory that the Tsarnaev brothers were 鈥渓one wolves鈥� whose radicalization took place largely between themselves and through contact with radical websites.

NYU鈥檚 Galeotti says this scenario is one that Russian intelligence will want to probe and understand, because Russia鈥檚 experience with Islamist terrorism up to now has largely been with attacks perpetrated by groups such as Chechnya鈥檚 Islamist insurgents.

鈥淭he one thing the Russians aren鈥檛 prepared for is the lone-wolf attacks, they haven鈥檛 been thinking about the 19-year-old Muslim who鈥檚 increasingly angry and who has an Internet connection,鈥� Galeotti says.

Noting that just in recent days Russian authorities have made a series of large-scale arrests 鈥� such as the detention for questioning of 140 worshippers at a Moscow mosque (most of whom were later released) 鈥� he says the Russians may already be acting on the concerns prompted by the Boston bombings.

鈥淭he Russians,鈥� he says, 鈥渁re showing signs of learning the lessons of Boston.鈥�