海角大神

Forget foreign wars. Today it鈥檚 political insurgents who are making news across the US, as upstart "tea party" candidates roll past GOP regulars from New York to Colorado. How are these political newbies, many penny-poor with barely a campaign headquarters to speak of, doing it?

One handy tool is the 鈥渁ttack tweet,鈥� say social media experts.

One of the fave weapons of these warriors is that 140-character zinger sent out via Twitter. Everyone knows that social media 鈥� Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, etc. 鈥� lent a big helping hand to the long-shot candidacy of Barack Obama back in '08, but the 2010 tweet is a far cry from the polite Twitter dispatches of 2008.

Sarah Palin set the tone with her tweets, from name calling progressive opponents "" to calling the president's agenda "."

In the Delaware Senate race between GOP Rep. Mike Castle and tea partyer Christine O鈥橠onnell. Ms. O'Donnell's campaign tweets to followers were laced with personal comments, including complaints that she was being picked on because she's a conservative woman, says Republican strategist David Johnson, CEO of Strategic Vision.

鈥淭hese are very dire appeals that serve to energize a loyal base and help get the word out,鈥� says Mr. Johnson.

Such messages are scrappier and more emotional than the kinds sent out in 2008, says David Gudelunas, associate professor of communication at Fairfield University in Connecticut. Those first tweets two years ago were largely 鈥渁ntiseptic,鈥� he says, dispensing details of campaign appearances and urging followers to vote.

Not anymore. Today they rally the faithful and allow an interactive relationship between followers and candidates, as tweets become retweets and the messages spread virally. In some ways, that is because the political climate is a lot uglier, says political scientist Matthew Hale of Seton Hall University in South Orange, N.J., but it is also a natural evolution in the platform. "We often think that new technology will only be used for 'good,' yet time and time again people use it for "bad.' "

This feisty stance is typical of the challenger candidate, says Ronn Torossian, CEO of 5W PR, a New York-based public relations firm. These are candidates, many with little to lose, 鈥渨ho can do things that established political figures can鈥檛 do and wouldn鈥檛 dare do,鈥� he says. Established politicians feel compelled to craft a carefully controlled message, he notes, whereas the outsider can shoot from the hip.

While the Obama campaign was a master of social media when he ran as a fresh face two years ago, 鈥淚 have no doubt that Obama the incumbent will be running a much different campaign in 2012 than he ran in 2008,鈥� in style and substance, says Mr. Torossian.

While the 鈥渢weet rant鈥� can be effective, it hardly contributes to elevating the civic discourse, says Mr. Hale. 鈥淚t is yet another example of the dummying down of campaigns and elections,鈥� he says via e-mail. Twitter doesn't allow for any explanation or discussion of the candidate's policy proposals or ideas, he notes. 鈥淚t is another example of style beating substance and, while it might help win elections, it is part of a disturbing trend for democracy,鈥� he says.

But the mere power to rant is its own virtue, says Jonathan Askin of Brooklyn Law School, who was on Mr. Obama鈥檚 2008 campaign tech task force. For the first time in the history of America, he says, anyone who wishes to can speak to the world unfiltered by a large business or political interest.

鈥淭oday, for the first time in history really,鈥� he says, 鈥渁 single person can be as powerful as a large media company was a mere decade ago.鈥�