The art and science of playing with your food
At an ice-cream booth, Patrick Buckley dished out ice cream to attendees of Maker Faire, a do-it-yourself festival held earlier this month in Austin, Texas. With flavors such as frozen mint cucumber lime and BBQ honey, the treats were far from traditional. Nor were they handchurned the old-fashioned way, with the required hour-long wait before serving.
Instead, Mr. Buckley and a group of so-called 鈥渉ungry scientists鈥� were serving instant, microbatch cryogenic ice cream, frozen in about 30-second intervals using liquid nitrogen.
鈥淔ood鈥檚 always been a focal point for communities,鈥� says Buckley. 鈥淲e鈥檙e just doing that with a twist of interesting new technology.鈥�
While the latest developments in experimental and scientific cooking, known as molecular gastronomy, might originate from the high temples of haute cuisine, a group of part-time tinkerers have been exploring quirky cooking at home.
The hungry scientists have whipped up everything from lollipops embedded with LED lights to a modular pecan pie using a basic understanding of structural engineering.
鈥淚t鈥檚 like 鈥楳r. Wizard鈥� meets 鈥�Iron Chef,鈥� 鈥� says Ryan Horan, a baker from Somerville, Mass. 鈥淧eople cobble things together in their house.鈥�
This do-it-yourself spirit sets them apart from formal food scientists, he says. 鈥� 鈥楳olecular gastronomy鈥� is an almost foreboding term. It almost makes you seem like a food snob,鈥� Mr. Horan says. 鈥淎 鈥榟ungry scientist,鈥� it鈥檚 more like a tinkerer in the garage, working under the hood of a Ford.鈥�
These cooks combine lab materials 鈥� dry ice and circuit boards, for example 鈥� with traditional ingredients, such as powdered sugar and whole milk. Borrowing a page of the open-source software world, they post their favorite innovations on websites such as instructables.com and hungryscientist.com.
Buckley, along with friend and cookbook author Lily Binns, recently wrote 鈥淭he Hungry Scientist Handbook: Electric Birthday Cakes, Edible Origami, and Other DIY Projects for Techies, Tinkerers, and Foodies.鈥� The book contains 20 projects that range from solar-powered, heat-sensing coasters (that change colors depending on the temperature of a person鈥檚 glass or cup); portable stoves made out of the bottoms of aluminum cans; and 眉berbubbly root beer.
To boldly go where no cook has gone before
The group started with a dinner party at Buckley鈥檚 home in the San Francisco Bay Area. 鈥淚t was Patrick and his friends,鈥� Ms. Binns says. 鈥淭hey were not paying a premium to eat at restaurants; they were treating food like any other techie project or craft: taking apart food like they were doing any other project.鈥�
They carefully disassembled regular recipes and customized them to fit their tastes, creating projects for the handbook that are both practical and whimsical.
鈥淭here are two approaches,鈥� Horan says. 鈥淭here are folks who are interested in more classic elements, like baking.... And then, there鈥檚 food as fun, like the electric birthday cake. I say, if it gets people involved in food and more interested in food, I think that鈥檚 so much the better.鈥�
Molecular gastronomy is said to have begun as a series of workshops in Erice, Italy, in the early 1990s. The science gave rise to curious new kitchen techniques, such as controlled gelification of liquid balls of food, or spherification. (This means chefs can make caviar-like foods out of any liquid.)
Chefs are also using scent-infused foams and slow-cooking meats in liquid (sous-vide) at low temperatures, all of which stir elements of science into the mix.
The success of these pioneering techniques has now hit bookstores. At least three mammoth cookbooks describing the avant-garde cuisine debuted in October.
High-end grocery stores, such as New York鈥檚 Dean & DeLuca, now sell $200 home kits that include syringes, agar, xanthan gum, and lecithin 鈥� tools and chemicals that were once confined to the research and development labs of food companies but have now been retailored for home cooks.
Gastronomy is an acquired taste
It may be years before molecular cooking reaches the everyday kitchen. For now, many home chefs, if they cook with raw ingredients at all, seem content with simpler kitchen conundrums: understanding the science behind gooey potatoes, green garlic, or soft-boiled eggs.
鈥淚t鈥檚 only recently that innovation has been important in cooking,鈥� says Harold McGee, author of 鈥淥n Food and Cooking, the Science and Lore of the Kitchen.鈥� 鈥淚t鈥檚 mostly been about traditional recipes and executing traditional techniques better than anyone else. That started to change a bit in the 1970s. It wasn鈥檛 until the end of last century, the beginning of this century, that innovation was a goal of chefs as a way to distinguish their restaurants from other restaurants. I think it will take a while for eaters to become as interested in these innovations as chefs.鈥�
Sometimes, the tools of gastronomists are enough to scare away casual cooks. An accurate scale that weighs to a tenth of a gram 鈥� the kind of laboratory instrument needed to weigh ingredients for spherifying foods 鈥� costs as much as $1,500.
On the other side of the table, hungry scientists devise inexpensive ways to procure Dewars, stainless steel vacuum flasks that protect people who handle liquid nitrogen.
That鈥檚 one reason hungry scientists differ from sophisticated gastronomes and chefs at some of the world鈥檚 most exclusive restaurants, Binns says.
鈥淚 think both are about experimentation and playfulness,鈥� she says. 鈥淚 don鈥檛 want to make it seem like we鈥檙e better or cooler than what they鈥檙e doing. But they are serving a mainstream of wealthy culture. Even though they鈥檙e rooted in the same scientific pursuits, I think it鈥檚 like comparing apples to oranges鈥�. They are performers and the people who go to those restaurants are paying a lot to be their audience."
