When tweets repeat a lie
鈥淏REAKING: Confirmed flooding on NYSE. The trading floor is flooded under more than 3 feet of water.鈥�
That tweet, made during the height of superstorm Sandy earlier this week, quickly swept through the Twitterverse. CNN mentioned it. So did The Washington Post.
But it wasn鈥檛 true.
IN PICTURES: Sandy: Chronicle of an unrelenting storm
Social media such as Twitter serve as a great resource for keeping in touch with friends and family in real time during emergencies. Even when power is out and TVs go dark, a smart phone maintains a link to the outside world.
Social media sites have聽 shown they can trump traditional news sources in getting to the latest twist in an ongoing story. The 鈥渃itizen journalists鈥� who tweet about what they are seeing help the rest of us understand what鈥檚 happening in an emergency or in a war zone where few journalists are allowed, such as Syria. (See 鈥淪yria鈥檚 YouTube 鈥榳ar鈥� could win the war.鈥�)
But what if someone decides to tweet a lie?
That鈥檚 what happened in New York this week when a Twitter account called 鈥淐omfortablysmug鈥� sent out a lie about the New York Stock Exchange being underwater that was picked up and retweeted more than 600 times, as well as mentioned in the traditional news media.
As the report鈥檚 credibility began to erode, it didn鈥檛 take long for the blog BuzzFeed to manage to track down the person behind the bogus tweet, Shashank Tripathi, campaign manager for New York congressional candidate Christopher Wright (though the tweet didn鈥檛 seem to have any political motive behind it). Mr. Tripathi later offered a 鈥渟incere, humble, and unconditional鈥� apology and has resigned from his post.
Tripathi wasn鈥檛 the only prankster. Fake photos on Facebook, Twitter, and other photo-sharing sites showed pictures of divers purportedly in a flooded New York subway tunnel and a sinking Statue of Liberty (the actual source of the latter picture was the disaster movie 鈥淭he Day After Tomorrow鈥�). A photo that was briefly on the Washington Post website showed soldiers bravely guarding the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in a pelting rainstorm (the photo turned out to have been taken in September).
鈥淭rolls are part of the culture of the Internet. Some people get a kick out of spreading this stuff,鈥� the Post鈥檚 social media producer said.
What, if anything, can be done about people who pollute a valuable new stream of information? In extreme cases legal action might be brought against an individual. Peter Vallone Jr., a New York City councilman, says he鈥檚 asked the Manhattan district attorney to look into filing charges against Tripathi. But that seems more like a warning meant to scold a prankster than a serious legal action.
Even lies are protected as free speech, at least those short of meeting the 鈥測elling 鈥榝ire鈥� in a crowded theater鈥� test.
The challenge for news-gathering organizations continues to be how to balance the tremendous resource of text and photo postings by ordinary citizens with the news gatherers鈥� duty to authenticate these 鈥渞eports.鈥� In some cases a quick phone call can do the job.
To some extent, people reading tweets and Facebook or other posts about a fast-moving news event must become their own editors: Do I have this information from more than one independent source? Is this a known or trusted source? Should I wait to retweet it until I鈥檓 sure it鈥檚 accurate 鈥� or at least accompany my retweet with a skeptical 鈥淚 don鈥檛 know if this is true鈥� disclaimer?
The good news is that social media such as Twitter and Facebook remain an immensely helpful new way to communicate during emergencies. And more good news: The same citizen media that first spread Tripathi鈥檚 lie have shown that they have a powerful, self-correcting ability as the truth becomes known.
