From terrorism to heroism: Books on 9/11 offer perspective, grace
For a long time I resisted reading any book about 9/11, but recently, I鈥檝e read many. I鈥檝e been startled by their power, by how my heart pounded and tears came easily, even 20 years on. I still felt the confusion followed by horror and anguish.
I was living through a more personal heartbreak on that day. A New Yorker for more than two decades now, I鈥檇 only been in the city for 2 1/2 years as of Sept. 11, 2001.聽I already had a strong suspicion I was there to stay, though, symbolized by my decision to get married in New York rather than my native Miami Beach. The wedding was scheduled for the first weekend in October.
Then my father, following a brief illness, died on Sunday, Sept. 9. I flew with my fianc茅 to Florida early on the 10th. In my childhood home in Surfside, recently the scene of its own catastrophe, we awoke on Tuesday the 11th to the news of an airplane flying into the World Trade Center. For the next couple of hours, as the atrocities unfolded, my fianc茅 and I stared, dumbstruck, at the television. After the second tower fell, we turned the TV off and made our way to my father鈥檚 funeral. Numbness upon numbness, grief upon grief.
Why We Wrote This
How are collective memories of 9/11 shaped? A half-dozen books chronicle everything from the efforts of first responders and the generosity of ordinary people to the rise of Al Qaeda and the failure of U.S. intelligence.
Reading about 9/11 immediately connects me to my own loss from that time, eliciting emotions that are easier to keep locked away. But the 20-year mark seemed like the right time to look back on the day, and as a reviewer, I was interested to look back through books. I gained much from doing so, from emotional catharsis to historical perspective on the current, awful situation in Afghanistan, which reminds us how much 9/11 continues to shape our world.
Garrett M. Graff鈥檚 鈥淭he Only Plane in the Sky: An Oral History of 9/11鈥� is the volume that moved me most. Published in 2019, it鈥檚 based on more than 500 oral histories collected by Graff, a former Politico editor, and by other journalists and historians. Graff has organized them masterfully, vividly conveying the shock of events through the recollections of first responders, survivors, members of the George W. Bush administration, victims鈥� relatives, and others.
Graff includes transcripts of the final messages people in the air and on the ground left for their loved ones. As wrenching as those are, details of less weighty moments can be unexpectedly gutting. A police officer who arrived at the twin towers was puzzled to see women鈥檚 shoes everywhere until it occurred to him that office workers were ditching their heels as they ran barefoot from the scene. An air traffic controller recalls being upset with himself for a lack of professionalism because his voice 鈥渄id crack a little bit鈥� while he helped fulfill the Federal Aviation Administration鈥檚 unprecedented order, minutes after the third hijacked airplane hit the Pentagon, that every plane in the air in the United States land immediately. The book stands out for its raw power, poignance, and moments of grace.聽
Like 鈥淭he Only Plane in the Sky,鈥� Mitchell Zuckoff鈥檚 鈥淔all and Rise: The Story of 9/11,鈥� also published in 2019, seeks to memorialize those who died and provide a clear record of the day. His goal is to 鈥渄elay the descent of 9/11 into the well of history.鈥� An intimate and beautifully written narrative history, 鈥淔all and Rise鈥� was born from Zuckoff鈥檚 early reporting on the attacks for The Boston Globe and is based primarily on his interviews with people connected to the day鈥檚 tragic events. We get to know dozens of them, and in many cases, their bravery astonishes. For instance, Zuckoff describes impromptu rescue teams of military and civilian workers at the Pentagon who ran toward danger to help their colleagues, both friends and strangers, up until the affected portion of the building collapsed. Some repeatedly reentered the burning wreckage to search for survivors.
Reading about the day itself compelled me to seek out books about the history that preceded it. 鈥淭he Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11鈥� remains the preeminent source in that regard. Lawrence Wright鈥檚 deeply researched Pulitzer Prize winner, published in 2006 (a miniseries based on the book premiered on Hulu in 2018), charts the intellectual and political roots of Islamic radicalism. The propulsive and riveting narrative begins with Egyptian writer Sayyid Qutb, a leader of the Muslim Brotherhood who studied in America in the late 1940s and, in part because of his disgust with the country鈥檚 decadence and sexual permissiveness, came to endorse violent jihad. His work inspired, among many others, Ayman al-Zawahiri, an Egyptian doctor who later partnered with Osama bin Laden in the group that became Al Qaeda.聽
鈥淭he Looming Tower鈥� also covers America鈥檚 counterterrorism efforts. As some in the intelligence community sounded the alarm about bin Laden, who declared war against the U.S. in 1996, their concerns were dismissed. 鈥淚t was too bizarre, too primitive and exotic,鈥� Wright writes. 鈥淯p against the confidence that Americans placed in modernity and technology and their own ideals to protect them from the savage pageant of history, the defiant gestures of bin Laden and his followers seemed absurd and even pathetic.鈥澛�
That mindset helps explain why the government was so unprepared on 9/11. 鈥淓xisting protocol was unsuited in every respect for what was about to happen,鈥� The 9/11 Commission Report concludes. Released in 2004, the report remains a valuable resource as well as an unlikely achievement, a government publication that鈥檚 also a page turner. (It was even a finalist for a National Book Award in nonfiction.) In clear, sober language, the report presents a comprehensive chronology of the day, explaining government procedures in place 鈥� many designed during the Cold War to face a very different kind of threat 鈥� and their utter inadequacy to meet the moment. Five Republicans and five Democrats sat on the commission that jointly produced the report, a reminder of the brief period of national unity that followed the attacks. 聽
The best books on 9/11 are, as they must be, harrowing and heartbreaking. But of the new books being published to coincide with the 20th anniversary, two stand out for their focus on stories of uplift. While there are indelible images of stunned survivors fleeing the World Trade Center on foot,聽L. Douglas Keeney鈥檚 鈥淭he Lives They Saved: The Untold Story of Medics, Mariners, and the Incredible Boatlift That Evacuated Nearly 300,000 People From New York City on 9/11鈥� tells of the massive rescue involving passenger ferries, police boats, harbor-cruise ships, tugboats, and even tiny rubber dinghies. More than 100 civilian captains rushed to the scene by boat to help; many vessels transported casualties across the water to Jersey City, New Jersey, where ambulances awaited. Keeney calls the evacuation by sea 鈥渁 missing piece of the September 11 story for two decades.鈥�
Finally, Mac Moss鈥� 鈥淔lown Into the Arms of Angels: Newfoundland and Labrador鈥檚 Unsung Heroes of 9/11鈥� describes how the Canadian province hosted and cared for 13,000 passengers and crew on 79 U.S.-bound aircraft diverted there on 9/11. (The same events inspired Jim DeFede鈥檚 2002 oral history, 鈥淭he Day the World Came to Town,鈥� as well as the musical 鈥淐ome From Away.鈥�)聽
Moss, then an administrator at a college campus in Gander, was part of the relief effort. In writing of the impressive coordination involved in hosting and feeding the stranded for days, he offers a heartfelt tribute to his thousands of neighbors 鈥渨ho brought blankets, sheets, pillows, casseroles, salads, and love.鈥�
Love ended up being a big part of my 9/11 experience, too.聽
Borne up by our families and friends, we went ahead with our New York wedding weeks after the attacks. There was grief 鈥� both for my father and for the unfathomable losses endured so recently by so many. But there was also joy and hope.聽
We have two teenagers now, city kids who love New York fiercely. My son picked up 鈥淭he Only Plane in the Sky鈥� after I finished it, and he hasn鈥檛 put it down. As he encounters for the first time what, for him, is history, I remember.
