海角大神

She鈥檚 known as the 鈥淚ron Lady of the Baol.鈥� But at first glance, Fatou Sall Ndiaye Mback茅, who hails from the holy city of Touba in central Senegal (formerly the Kingdom of Baol), doesn鈥檛 exactly look like a steely leader. Ms. Mback茅, who is in her mid-20s and dresses stylishly, has a warm smile and a polite demeanor. And yet under this elegance and reserve is a palpable sense of drive and fiery ambition that is manifested in both her words and actions.

Since 2012, Mback茅 has been changing the lives of women around her through her entrepreneurial project centered around peanuts, as well as through broader business initiatives. In the process, she鈥檚 bucked traditional and cultural mores regarding what a woman should do 鈥� and she鈥檚 done so with resilience and modesty.

鈥淢any people don鈥檛 understand why I chose to become an entrepreneur. This is something a man does in our culture,鈥� Mback茅 explains inside her store in Touba, where she sells peanuts sorted and prepped by hand, peanut butter, local grains, and a variety of other local items. 鈥淏ut I have other ambitions [rather than working as someone鈥檚 employee]. I want to create my own job and create jobs for others.鈥�

This is exactly what Mback茅 has been doing. Since she single-handedly started her modern peanut transformation project five years ago 鈥� Modernisation de la Production de P芒te d鈥橝rachide (MPPA) 鈥� her business has grown to include 40 employees, mostly women. Every day, the team produces more than 220 pounds of artisanal tiguedegue (peanut butter in Wolof). MPPA sells the peanut butter and peanut oil cakes (for livestock feed) around Senegal, Mali, and Gambia.

In a country where traditional gender roles persist, a woman 鈥� not to mention a young woman 鈥� who is becoming a known business leader can be viewed poorly. This is especially true in Touba, the home of Mouridism (a Sufi order brotherhood) and the Great Mosque of Touba (one of the largest mosques in Africa). But these things only motivate Mback茅.

鈥淲hen I got married four years ago, rather than spend my 600,000 CFA franc [$1,079] dowry on jewels and clothes for my wedding, I bought a ton of peanuts,鈥� she says nonchalantly. 鈥淢y sister ridiculed me, but I really didn鈥檛 care. I will be among those who build this country, inshallah [God willing]!鈥�

The peanut industry in Senegal has a rather tumultuous history. After the enterprise was introduced by the French in the 19th century, Senegal became a world leader in peanut exports, accounting for nearly a quarter of those exports by 1960. But decades of monoculture, coupled with periods of drought, started to push peanut production down. By 2013, Senegal was exporting 1 percent of globally traded peanuts, according to Gro Intelligence, a website offering analysis of agricultural data.

Still, the crop remains crucial to the area. 鈥淧eanuts are very important to us here in Senegal. It鈥檚 one of our main primary food crops,鈥� says Alioune Ndiaye, the neighborhood chief, who regularly pops by Mback茅鈥檚 store to see how the women are doing.

Mback茅鈥檚 parents and husband are also in the peanut business. She describes both herself and her family in the local slang as modou-modous, or hard workers.

鈥淔atou is an example for all women ...,鈥� says Lena Sene, executive director of business development at CGF Bourse, an investment and brokerage firm based in Dakar, Senegal鈥檚 capital. 鈥淪he is a leader, she is tough,... and she has vision. Despite her young age, she has shown determination and strength that is encouraging and inspiring.鈥� (Ms. Sene made her comments via email.)

Making the peanut butter

Three things make MPPA鈥檚 peanut butter 鈥� its bestseller 鈥� stand out, Mback茅 says: 鈥淥ur quality, our hygiene, and our concern for the environment.鈥�

Peanut butter production occurs Saturday through Thursday and is made up of several stages that all take place under the same roof. In the sorting stage, which can be a lengthy process, most of the 鈥渙lder women鈥� go through 110-pound bags by hand, three times over 鈥� to ensure only the highest-quality peanuts are used. The batches go on to be roasted, peeled, and processed by machine. The final stage is in the 鈥渃onditioning room,鈥� where the peanut butter is poured into biodegradable containers and bags that are then sealed.

Last year alone, MPPA brought in revenue of 6 million CFA francs ($10,790) 鈥� a number Mback茅 says has 鈥渂een steadily rising every year.鈥� She estimates that after paying her employees and all her other expenses, she took home 10 percent of this (about $1,079).

Mback茅鈥檚 employees have benefited from her enterprise. 鈥淔atou doesn鈥檛 work for herself; she works for all the women in the neighborhood. They are all housewives, taking care of families of seven or more people,鈥� Mr. Ndiaye says. 鈥淢any of their husbands don鈥檛 work at all or do things like sell in the streets, or do some type of agriculture. And the women can鈥檛 divorce them because they have kids. So they very much rely on Fatou.鈥�

On one occasion three years ago, Mback茅 rented a truck to travel nearly 1,250 miles to sell her goods at a market in Sikasso, Mali. When she wasn鈥檛 allowed to drive into the market, she found a wheelbarrow and began hauling her products in to sell. At the end of a long and difficult week, she had sold goods worth more than $900 鈥� a satisfying sum.

鈥淢y favorite quote is by [Senegalese author] Bernard Ndiaye,鈥� says Mback茅, referring to a framed list of quotes that hangs at the entrance to her office and includes words from Mother Teresa, Aristotle, Buddha, and Winston Churchill. 鈥淣diaye says, 鈥楲ife is more about struggle than pleasure.鈥� This really resonates for me, because it is relevant for everything. We need to fight to be something in life and to be active. If you constantly seek pleasure, you鈥檒l never amount to anything.鈥�

In addition to exporting MPPA鈥檚 products, Mback茅 imports items: She buys fabrics, peppers, and tamarind in Mali and Gambia, which she then gives to women in Touba for them to sell. Once the items are sold (at a slight markup), these women reimburse Mback茅 and keep the rest of the proceeds. She never charges interest.

A resource for African women

In 2014, Mback茅 set up an organization known as Women鈥檚 Business Africa (WBA) to encourage African women to create their own businesses and to provide support for women in need. Today the group has 54 members, including 14 who live outside Senegal.

As part of WBA, Mback茅 offers classes out of her home every Friday evening so women can learn rudimentary business skills, such as how to do basic calculations.

Another key WBA activity is lending. 鈥淕etting microcredit loans from banks is too expensive [with their interest rates], so we developed our own lending system,鈥� Mback茅 explains as she pulls out a list of 10 women鈥檚 names, each with contact information and loan amounts printed next to bright red fingerprints, which serve as identification. 鈥淓ach woman here has taken a loan of between 50,000 and 100,000 CFA francs [$90 and $180, respectively], which they must pay back incrementally, at 10,000 CFA francs [$18] per month. This allows them to do what I do: resell goods and make a profit.鈥�

Anta Gadiaga has been working with MPPA since 2012 and is a member of WBA. The mother of four says her family lives off about 250,000 CFA francs ($450) a month.

鈥淚 once borrowed 250,000 CFA francs from the bank to buy fabric in Mali to sell in Touba,鈥� she notes. 鈥淏ut after all the interest I owed, I didn鈥檛 make a penny. When I borrowed 50,000 CFA francs from Fatou to buy fabric from the Gambia, I was able to make a profit. I pray to God that this continues, because I want to work until I can become independent.鈥�

Mback茅 hopes that people will benefit from her for years to come. 鈥淔or me, it鈥檚 not important that everyone knows me today, but that people don鈥檛 forget me when I鈥檓 gone. Because that will mean I left my mark.鈥�

How to take action

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