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Donald Tusk, a leader of a centrist party, returned as Poland鈥檚 prime minister for the first time in nearly a decade after a vote in parliament on Dec. 11, paving the way for a new pro-European Union government following eight years of stormy national conservative rule.

Mr. Tusk, a former EU leader who served as European Council president from 2014-2019 and has strong connections in Brussels, is expected to improve Warsaw鈥檚 standing in the bloc鈥檚 capital. He was Poland鈥檚 prime minister from 2007-2014.

Mr. Tusk鈥檚 ascension to power came nearly two months after an election which was won by a coalition of parties ranging from left-wing to moderate conservative. The parties ran on separate tickets, but promised to work together under Mr. Tusk鈥檚 leadership to restore democratic standards and improve ties with allies.

The change of power is felt as hugely consequential for the 38 million citizens of the Central European nation, where collective anger against the Law and Justice party produced a record-high turnout to replace a government many believed was eroding democratic norms.

Law and Justice, which took office in 2015, increased its power over courts and judicial bodies, drawing accusations from the EU and others that it was eroding judicial independence. It also turned taxpayer-funded public media into a party mouthpiece.

The vote was 248-201 in support of Mr. Tusk in the 460-seat lower house of parliament, the Sejm, with no abstentions.

鈥淭hank you Poland, this is truly a wonderful day,鈥� Mr. Tusk said in a short speech. 鈥淣ot only for me, but for all those who throughout these many years deeply believed ... that things would get better.鈥�

The election of Mr. Tusk comes after the former government of Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki lost a confidence vote in parliament earlier in the day.

The votes marked the end of eight tumultuous years in which Law and Justice ruled the country with the support of many Poles 鈥� but at bitter odds with liberal Poles as well as the 27-nation EU and other Western allies.

Mr. Tusk is scheduled to be sworn in by President Andrzej Duda the morning of Dec. 13.

Mr. Tusk鈥檚 leadership of the EU鈥檚 fifth-largest member by population will boost centrist, pro-EU forces at a time when euroskeptics, such as Geert Wilders in the Netherlands, are gaining strength.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen could hardly contain her elation in congratulating Mr. Tusk.

鈥淵our experience and strong commitment to our European values will be precious in forging a stronger Europe, for the benefit of the Polish people,鈥� she tweeted. 鈥淚 look forward to working with you, starting with this week鈥檚 important鈥� summit, which begins Dec. 14.

The power transition, coming nearly two months after the election, was delayed for weeks by Mr. Duda, who kept his political allies in office as long as possible.

Voters who opted for change, including many young Poles, were eager for the transition to finally arrive, and the parliamentary proceedings have ignited widespread interest, leading to a spike in the number of people watching the parliament鈥檚 livestream online.

Szymon Holownia, a former reality television personality who leads a party allied with Mr. Tusk, became the speaker of parliament last month and has attracted interest as he has tried to encourage discipline in the sometimes raucous assembly.

A Warsaw cinema, which livestreamed Dec. 11鈥檚 proceedings, drew spectators who munched on popcorn and erupted in laughter as the outgoing prime minister spoke.

鈥淪o many disturbing things took place in the past eight years that I鈥檓 not surprised by this joy that it鈥檚 over,鈥� said Justyna Lemanska, a young advertising agency employee in the audience.

There is relief for many women who saw reproductive rights eroded and LGBTQ+ people who faced a government hate campaign that drove some to leave the country.

Law and Justice remains popular with many conservatives thanks to its adherence to traditional Roman Catholic values, and the popularity of social spending policies. The party lowered the retirement age and introduced cash payments to families with children while also increasing pension payments to older people.

The day marked a bitter turn for Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the conservative ruling party leader who has guided Poland for the past eight years but now is seeing the huge power he wielded slip away.

Mr. Kaczynski has for years accused Mr. Tusk, who has good relations with Germany and other countries, of representing the interests of Berlin, though there is no evidence of that.

At the end of the parliamentary session, Mr. Kaczynski went up the lectern, turned to Mr. Tusk, and said with anger: 鈥淵ou are a German agent, simply a German agent.鈥�

Mr. Tusk frowned, while Mr. Holownia expressed his disappointment that the day ended on a bitter note.

Former President Lech Walesa, who was hospitalized last week with COVID-19 and remains weak, traveled from his home in Gdansk to attend the parliamentary session.

The anti-communist freedom fighter had despaired at what he viewed as the unraveling of democracy under Mr. Kaczynski. He appeared in parliament wearing a shirt with the word 鈥淐onstitution鈥� 鈥� a slogan against Law and Justice. He watched the events from a balcony, and was given a standing ovation by Mr. Tusk and other political admirers.

Mr. Tusk vowed on Dec. 12 in a wide-ranging inaugural speech to parliament that his government will be a stable ally of the United States and NATO and that it would work to mobilize the Western world to keep helping Ukraine.

He called on the nation鈥檚 fractious political class to unite, saying it cannot afford divisions at a time when Russia is waging a war of aggression across Poland鈥檚 border in Ukraine which many fear could spread if Moscow prevails.

鈥淧oland鈥檚 task, the new government鈥檚 task, but also the task of all of us, is to loudly and firmly demand the full determination from the entire Western community to help Ukraine in this war,鈥� Mr. Tusk said in a ceremonious address attended by Ukraine鈥檚 ambassador and former Polish presidents. 鈥淚 will do this from day one.鈥�

Mr. Tusk said it hurts him to hear that Ukraine鈥檚 President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has to keep trying to persuade world leaders about the need to continue supporting Kyiv鈥檚 struggle against Russia. Ukraine鈥檚 troubles are deepening as winter sets in and allies are growing tired of funding its defense.

鈥淭hey say it to President Zelenskyy鈥檚 face that they no longer have the strength, that they are exhausted,鈥� Mr. Tusk said.

He plans to fly to Brussels for an EU summit later in the week for discussions critical to Ukraine鈥檚 future. Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orb谩n, Russia鈥檚 closest ally in the EU, is demanding that Ukraine鈥檚 membership in the EU and billions of euros in funding meant for the war-torn country be taken off the agenda.

Poland鈥檚 outgoing government was initially one of Kyiv鈥檚 strongest allies after Russia invaded Ukraine nearly two years ago, but ties have worsened as economic competition from Ukrainian food producers and truckers has angered Poles who say their livelihoods are threatened.

Mr. Zelenskyy tweeted his congratulations to Mr. Tusk, saying: 鈥淲hen we stand together, both our nations鈥� freedom is unbeatable.鈥�

This story was reported by The Associated Press. Rafal Niedzielski and Michal Dyjuk contributed to this report.