海角大神

As Europe scrambles to defend itself against Russian aggressions, tiny Lithuania is reaping the benefit of cleareyed moves made more than a decade ago. That was when it commissioned the Independence, a massive floating vessel and processing terminal for liquefied natural gas.

Linas Kilda was the Lithuanian project manager tasked with overseeing ground-to-sea pipeline connections for the Independence. It was the early 2010s, and public sentiment was sharply divided. Yet success would mean Lithuania could eventually pick and choose among energy suppliers. At that time, Russia supplied the vast majority of Lithuania鈥檚 energy needs while playing politics with prices.

鈥淲e were paying the highest prices in the EU,鈥� says Mr. Kilda, recalling the years just before the terminal opened in 2014. 鈥淢y grandparents survived the deportation to Siberia during Soviet times, and they always dreamed of an independent Lithuania.鈥�

Indeed, long before the West woke up to Russian President Vladimir Putin as a threat, 3 million-strong Lithuania had always had eyes on its gargantuan neighbor. Following Russia鈥檚 annexation of Crimea in 2014, Lithuanian leaders boldly declared that Mr. Putin had already started waging war on Europe, a claim that pacifist ears in Germany and the West didn鈥檛 hear.

Today, a series of policy decisions made over decades, based on the principles of preserving and promoting democratic freedoms 鈥� including commissioning the Independence, but also the recognition of Belarusian pro-democracy opposition and Taiwan鈥檚 representative office 鈥� looks prescient. While Western Europe might have previously reacted to those decisions with laughter, skepticism, or frustration, Lithuania is now able to start driving select parts of the EU agenda with its approach.

鈥淲e always are fighting for spread of democracy and human rights because of our neighbor,鈥� says聽Andrius Kubilius, who served as prime minister when the Independence was ordered in 2011.

鈥淭hirty kilometers [18 miles] from Vilnius is a border where the democratic continent ends and you have Russia and Belarus 鈥� totalitarians. We understand it in a very simple way: If autocracies are not stopped in the very beginning, then they become international aggressors, like what happened with Putin.鈥�

鈥淐ounting butterflies during a war鈥�

Every week for more than two years in the early 2010s, Mr. Kilda oversaw pipeline construction for the Independence on the Baltic coast as a then-project manager for Lithuanian LNG operator Klaipedos Nafta. It required sacrifice, spending long days apart from his family in Vilnius, the capital, but he鈥檇 signed on not only for professional but also for personal reasons.

鈥淥ne of the key drivers for me joining this project was to help my country become independent,鈥� says Mr. Kilda. The Soviet Union had occupied Lithuania for 50 years beginning in the 1940s, and the forced deportations and resettlements of tens of thousands of Lithuanians made an indelible mark on many a family history, including Mr. Kilda鈥檚.

Should Lithuania have its own LNG terminal 鈥� which re-gasifies a supercooled form of natural gas 鈥� vessels from any country could slide into Lithuania鈥檚 port. This would break Russia鈥檚 stranglehold on supply.

Russia enjoyed a near monopoly on oil and gas supplies to Lithuania, and it had been weaponizing energy in negotiations with the country, which had only declared independence from Moscow in 1991. 鈥淩ussia started using energy as a weapon against Western Europe only one year ago, but Eastern Europe was under fire all the time,鈥� recalls Albinas Zananavicius, the country鈥檚 vice minister of energy. Meanwhile, Russian state media was dubbing Lithuania a 鈥渄ying young democracy鈥� doomed to 鈥渆nergy destitution.鈥�

Against this backdrop, the government instituted a tight deadline for the Independence to come online. Major milestones aside, countless minor details needed attending to.

The Curonian Spit, a UNESCO World Heritage Site whose sand dunes curve along the Baltic Sea from the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad in the south to Lithuania in the north, needed special attention. One part of the spit harbored spawning fish. A nesting habitat for sea gulls needed encircling with a tent, recalls Mr. Kilda. Local citizens needed to be reassured that having massive amounts of LNG in their backyard wouldn鈥檛 pose a danger.

鈥淲e were counting butterflies during a war,鈥� says Mr. Kilda, recounting a running joke of the day. Even the colors of the ship came under fire. 鈥淪ome guys asked why the Independence is in Russian colors,鈥� he says. 鈥淏ut white, blue, and red has the lowest visual impact. So it鈥檚 not so visually disturbing.鈥�

Finally, in 2014, the tankerlike Independence pulled into the port of聽Klaip臈da with Lithuanian flags waving and a national audience on television. The impact on gas prices was immediate: They plummeted. The week prior, Lithuania was paying on average 鈧�8 ($8.20) more per kilowatt-hour than Western Europe; since then, the country has enjoyed an estimated savings of 鈧�150 million every year as the Independence forced Russia to compete with other natural gas suppliers, estimates Mr. Kilda鈥檚 team.

Today, ships carrying LNG from Norway, the United States, and a multitude of other sources pull up alongside the Independence to transfer their precious cargo. Lithuania was the first EU country to stop buying Russian gas after the war began. And now energy companies from other countries have come calling. 鈥淭he Independence has been asked after as a model of independence for not only Europe but Asian countries, and even some smaller countries which are also struggling with having a single supplier,鈥� says Mr. Kilda.

鈥淲e were always the freedom fighters鈥�

Lithuania鈥檚 embrace of independence from the dictates of larger authoritarian countries doesn鈥檛 end at its own borders. Last fall, the government allowed Taiwan to open up a representative office in Vilnius and dubbed it of 鈥淭aiwan鈥� rather than of 鈥淐hinese Taipei,鈥� as many countries do in the ongoing quest not to irk China.

鈥淚t鈥檚 our right to call the office whatever we want,鈥� says Mr. Kubilius, the former prime minister. 鈥淐hina needs to understand that the world during the last several hundred years was led by democracies.鈥�

China promptly downgraded diplomatic relations and also halted certain Lithuanian imports such as beef and dairy. But the European Union 鈥� which first met Lithuania鈥檚 move on Taiwan with skepticism and frustration 鈥� ultimately rallied behind Lithuania and filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization.

鈥淏ravery comes with particular costs,鈥� says Margarita 艩e拧elgyt臈, director of the Institute of International Relations and Political Science at Vilnius University. 鈥淐hina plays under the carpet and informally we receive praise for what we鈥檙e doing, but formally no one is following.鈥�

That said, Taiwan is also now committing to new investments in Lithuania.

Lithuania has also offered refuge to the pro-democratic opposition of Belarusian leader Aleksander Lukashenko, and vocally supported Hong Kong鈥檚 pro-democracy movement, even while other countries demurred from provoking Russia and China.

Perhaps it鈥檚 Lithuania鈥檚 鈥渇ighting spirit,鈥� says Mr. Zananavicius, the Lithuanian vice minister of energy, who recalls that when the Independence was first being discussed, people were 鈥渓aughing at us.鈥�

鈥淏ut if we鈥檇 listened, our independence wouldn鈥檛 have materialized. Our struggle was difficult, but we were always the freedom fighters. It鈥檚 a little bit in the blood.鈥�

鈥淭he freedom to do whatever we wanted鈥�

The fight for freedom seems to be something Lithuanians take pride in, and declare it鈥檚 worth paying for. Even though subzero temperatures are a fact of Lithuanian winters, having the right sources of energy is as important as the cost of the winter heating season.

鈥淚 was brought up kind of hating Russia,鈥� says Arunas Smalskys, an information technology engineer who lives in Vilnius. 鈥淪o independence from Russian oil, Russian gas was always a decision my parents wanted our government to make. The freedom to do whatever we wanted.鈥�

Eugenja, a housecleaner who lives in Vilnius and asked that her last name not be used, remarks that her heating costs for the upcoming season will be nearly double last year鈥檚 due to Europe鈥檚 energy crisis, but it will be 鈥渨orth it.鈥� 鈥淚t鈥檚 better to have our own supply, rather than give our money to other countries.鈥�

And the Independence now sets up Lithuania to export energy, especially as Russia threatens the supplies of EU neighbors that still rely heavily on its energy.

In Vilnius, exhaust chimneys stand idle at a massive power plant run by state-owned energy company Vilnius 艩ilumos Tinklai, which supplies most of Lithuania鈥檚 heat. The company burns biomass and also distributes LNG. Come winter, the chimneys will be working overtime, especially as Mr. Putin has pinched off gas to Poland, Bulgaria, Finland, the Netherlands, and Denmark. Prices are skyrocketing and countries are scrambling to stockpile.

鈥淲e鈥檝e already secured the necessary gas for winter, but we have to feel the responsibility not only for ourselves,鈥� says Paulius Martinkus, Vilnius 艩ilumos Tinklai鈥檚 chief strategy officer. He and his employees are preparing for the possibility that they might need to burn fuel oil to create enough energy supply to help needy neighbors. 鈥淲e can burn gas and let the neighbors freeze, but it鈥檚 not the right approach. We have a values-based approach.鈥�

At the plant鈥檚 main switchboard, Kazimieras Paulavicius recalls Lithuania鈥檚 long fight for independence from Russia. 鈥淭anks were rolling down the streets at night, and I felt despair and concern,鈥� he says. Today he works with lights off when possible, having long understood the link between energy and values.

鈥淓nergy independence is our weapon,鈥� says Mr. Paulavicius, who has worked in the industry for nearly 50 years. 鈥淚t means we can buy and sell energy, choose different fuels, have flexibility.鈥�

That flexibility, says Mr. Martinkus, will now benefit others. 鈥淲e are mobilizing and basically living to values, and we are getting employees on board as well. We want to be part of Europe, and we feel the responsibility of being part of Europe. It鈥檚 not only about taking, it鈥檚 also about giving.鈥�

Ieva Balsiunaite supported reporting for this story.