海角大神

Amid streets lined with soot-washed buildings, the illuminated expanse of windows from Drancy鈥檚 local library beckons teens streaming in to get help with their聽Pass Culture, or聽Culture Pass, mobile app. The incentive for 18-year-olds to use it is a 鈧�500 credit to spend on all things cultural.聽聽

Alan Daniel, a university student, scrolls through the geo-located聽Pass Culture聽offerings on his cell phone. 鈥淭his initiative to give young people easier access to culture is such a good idea because we live in an isolated area,鈥� says Mr. Daniel, a resident of Drancy, one of Paris鈥檚 outlying northeastern聽suburbs. 鈥淪o to have something that avoids us being stuck, it鈥檚 great.鈥�

The Pass Culture, which was rolled out in five regions in an experimental phase last month, is the long-awaited outcome of French President Emmanuel Macron鈥檚 campaign promise to make culture more accessible to the French.聽The new initiative hands 鈧�500 ($560) to 18-year-olds on the condition that the money be used to experience culture 鈥� anything from museums of impressionist paintings to hip-hop, theater or Spotify. Nearly 12,000 18-year-olds volunteered to help test the program, and if it takes off, the pass could be extended to some 800,000 young people across the country.

鈥淲e have a very intellectual, theoretical way of looking at culture,鈥� says Fr茅d茅ric Gimello-Mesplomb, a professor of information and communication sciences at the University of Avignon. 鈥淯nlike in most other countries, culture is a public affair and governed by the state. We really work to protect culture in France.鈥�

A more varied diet

Andr茅 Malraux, who was France鈥檚 first minister of culture six decades ago, said聽that at least once in a lifetime, one should experience an 鈥渁esthetic shock鈥� after witnessing a piece of art. The government hopes that, with the Pass Culture, French youth will be exposed to cultural offerings 鈥� both French and not 鈥� that will lift their level of critical thinking in order to encounter that shock. And officials want to remove any barriers that might obstruct it from happening.

鈥淢oney is not the only obstacle for most youth, it鈥檚 also about access,鈥� says Cl茅mence Chalopet, in charge of implementing the Pass Culture. 鈥淒epending on the region, there can be a lack of reliable internet, information, or transportation. We want to remove those obstacles.鈥� Ms. Chalopet鈥檚 small startup team working with the French Ministry of Culture also hopes the pass will diversify young people鈥檚 interests.

鈥淚 usually try to find cultural events online, but this app will help me enrich my knowledge of what鈥檚 out there,鈥� says Ziad Lahzami, a Drancy resident. 鈥淚 want to try to experience new things. That鈥檚 the whole point.鈥�

Drancy is located in Seine-Saint-Denis, the region with the lowest living standard in mainland France and a high proportion of youths. Three out of 10 people live below the poverty line and crime is high.

While Mr. Lahzami and others passing through the library say that money isn鈥檛 necessarily an obstacle for them when it comes to experiencing culture, the 鈧�500 credit could ultimately work to challenge their interests.

鈥淐lassical music is really not my thing,鈥� says Jeanne Marmion, an 18-year-old from Drancy. 鈥淏ut if a friend asked me to go to a classical music concert with her and I had this extra money from the pass, I鈥檇 probably say yes.鈥�

Dr. Gimello-Mesplomb says that even when money isn鈥檛 the primary barrier to accessing culture, it tends to influence how cultural choices are made. It鈥檚 been shown that users of France鈥檚 unlimited cinema card 鈥� which allows viewers as many films as they want for a relatively low monthly charge 鈥� tend to see three films that interest them before branching out to more diverse choices.

Still, some are skeptical about the reach of the pass 鈥� even with the monetary bonus 鈥� and whether it will be enough to get teens to care about culture.

鈥淚f a young person has never been exposed to the theater and has no awareness of what it is and you give him a free pass to go, he鈥檒l probably prefer to stay home and watch TV instead,鈥� says Gabriel聽Segr茅,聽a sociology professor of art and culture at the University of Paris-Nanterre.

Dr. Segr茅 says that a campaign to raise awareness in parallel would be useful to maximize the pass in order to reach teens who aren鈥檛 naturally interested in culture, but also to make sure the pass isn鈥檛 just a continuation of their current consumption.

鈥淚t鈥檚 very difficult to say if there is a 鈥榞ood鈥� or 鈥榖ad鈥� type of culture, but there鈥檚 certainly 鈥榤ainstream鈥� culture, which is consumed聽en masse鈥� says Segr茅, 鈥渁nd it鈥檚 not really necessary to put things in place to make this type of culture more accessible. Young people will gravitate toward it naturally.鈥�

Engaging the young

If the Pass Culture works, it could be a model for other countries looking to engage teens 鈥� a notoriously demanding demographic. For it to be successful, however, it would need political backing. While France鈥檚 government is responsible for cultural education and funding, the United States, for example, uses a complex web of public and private entities to promote culture. France will also be looking to avoid Italy鈥檚 result, whose similar youth pass in 2016 reportedly failed to increase cultural participation, due to misuse by teens and retailers.

And cost is, of course, a factor. The Ministry of Culture will need to cough up around 鈧�400 million of its 鈧�10 billion annual budget to keep the pass running if it鈥檚 found to be successful. The Pass Culture team has six months to assess its progress before turning in a full report.

Until then, those working with teens see the pass as, at the very least, an insider鈥檚 view into the minds of 18-year-olds, who vary considerably 鈥� from high school and university students, to salaried workers and the unemployed. Shanys Francillette, who is in charge of culture and communication for the town of Drancy, sees learning about the app and meeting with young people as a type of reconnaissance mission.

鈥淲e鈥檙e always looking at what interests young people,鈥� says Ms. Francillette. 鈥淏ut it鈥檚 hard to find things that will be of interest to everyone. This generation is very difficult to please.鈥�