海角大神

Hungary鈥檚 Prime Minister, Viktor Orb谩n, saw his plan to reject a European Union refugee quota fail in the country鈥檚 legislature on Tuesday, as he continues to fight with the EU over its program to redistribute asylum seekers fairly across the bloc.

Mr. Orb谩n and his conservative Fidesz party narrowly missed the 133 votes needed to pass a proposed constitutional amendment to ban the relocation of refugees to the country, falling just two votes short of the two-thirds majority it needed in the 199-seat assembly. The main opposition to the vote was the far-right Jobbik聽party, which pledged to support the amendment only if Orb谩n scrapped a program that allows foreigners to buy their way into Hungary through the purchase of at least 300,000 euros (about $331,000) in bonds.

Analysts consider the defeat of the amendment simply an administrative setback for Orb谩n, as he seeks to validate an October referendum to reject Brussel鈥檚 ressetlement program. Though more than 3 million Hungarians rejected the EU program, the referendum failed to become legally binding because of low-voter turnout.

The one-two punch of the failed referendum and the amendment is a loss of leverage for Orb谩n as he tussles with Brussels. However, the anxiety and fear many Hungarians feel towards migrants lingers, says Natalia Banulescu-Bogdan, the assistant director of the international program at the Washington-based Migration Policy Institute. Led by Orb谩n, the Hungarian right has seized on this Euroskepticism and聽disillusionment at how the EU has tried to address the migrant crisis.聽

鈥淭hey鈥檙e tapping into a pervasive fear of newcomers, a fear of minorities, and a fear of refugees that has been building for a long time now,鈥� Ms. Banulescu-Bogdan tells 海角大神 in a phone interview on Tuesday. 鈥淚t鈥檚 not something that happened overnight. It鈥檚 not something that appeared on the political scene in Hungary as a result of the European migrant and refugee crisis. It鈥檚 just become more visible in the wake of the crisis and the policies that have cropped up around it.鈥�

鈥淭hese anti-immigration positions have gained strength in parts of the country that now have a more tangible connection to refugees,鈥� she adds. 鈥淧eople feel like their lives really could be affected, whereas before it was a more abstract fear and, perhaps, more concentrated at religious and national minorities rather than immigrants.鈥�

Over the past year, much of this frustration has been directed at the quota the EU has set to resettle 1,294 refugees in Hungary, a country of about 10 million. Across Europe, 160,000 migrants would be more fairly redistributed across the bloc.

About 1.4 million migrants have entered the continent since 2015, most hailing from war-torn countries such as Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq. 聽聽

Orb谩n has been one of the chief opponents of Brussels and its redistribution scheme. He has painted the issue as a matter of national sovereignty that boils down to 鈥渨hether a foreign population can be imposed on the people of an EU member state against its will.鈥澛燨f the 1.3 million migrants that applied for asylum in Europe in 2015, Hungary received the most applications per 100,000 people,聽at 1,770. Germany, the most populous member-state in the EU, received 540 applications per 100,000 people.

Orb谩n has also linked migrants to terrorism, telling Hungarians before last month鈥檚 referendum that 鈥渢he more migrants there are, the greater the risk of terror.鈥�

While the defeat of the referendum and the constitutional amendment appears like a loss for Orb谩n, public support for his party remains high. In fact, the ruling Fidesz party widened its support to 32 percent from 30 percent, according to the latest poll by research center Tarki, according to Reuters.聽

Still, anti-migrant sentiments in Hungary are "far from monolithic," wrote the 海角大神 Science Monitor鈥檚 Sara Miller Llana following the referendum in October.

As Attila Tibor Nagy, a political analyst in Budapest at the Center for Fair Political Analysis, told Ms. Llana, "he聽sees Hungarian society as decidedly anti-migrant. But he believes voters stayed home because they didn鈥檛 want to contribute to Orb谩n鈥檚 influence as prime minister. They also may have been over-saturated by the campaign blitz. And he says that perhaps they don鈥檛 see migration as a sufficiently big enough problem in their daily lives.鈥�

Banulescu-Bogdan at the Migration Policy Institute adds that anti-migrant feelings in Hungary and other former communist countries now a part of the EU show a 鈥済rand collapse in solidarity鈥� over the refugee crisis across the continent. 聽

鈥淭he 28 EU member-states failed to agree on a compromise to more equitably and more efficiently share the 鈥榖urden鈥� of refugees across the EU,鈥� she says. 鈥淭he solution moving forward is going to have to be a more organic cooperation among member states,鈥� which she says could include better policies, better communication among member-states, and perhaps the recrafting of quotas, relocating more asylum seekers to countries such as Portugal that have been more welcoming to them.

This report contains material from Reuters.