海角大神

In the end, Dimitris Christoulas had little hope left, he said.聽

鈥淚 see no other option for a dignified end before having to scavenge through the garbage for my food,鈥� the 77-year-old retired pharmacist from Karditsa wrote in the note found on him after he shot himself to death in Athens' main square yesterday morning.

His suicide sparked demonstrations, recriminations, and a public debate on its significance. As people took to the square in commiseration and anger, Prime Minister Lukas Papademos expressed sorrow.

鈥淚t鈥檚 tragic that a fellow man has ended his own life," he said聽 "In these difficult times for our society, we, both the state and the citizens, have to support the people next to us that are in distress."聽

The public suicide as a political statement is highly unusual in Greek political tradition.

鈥淚 have to say this is a little out of our political culture,鈥� says Michalis Spourdalakis, professor of political sociology at the University of Athens. 鈥淏ut, this is a political act, despite the different comments uttered by politicians and journalists in Greece. They鈥檙e trying to depoliticize it, saying that it was a personal choice of a troubled fellow citizen. But, his life, his death, the suicide note, and the spot he chose, leave no room for doubt that this is a political stance.鈥�

Mr. Christoulas, who, like most Greek pensioners had his pension slashed last year, chose Syntagma Square, which is across from parliament, and committed suicide during the morning rush hour.聽

鈥淚f this suicide hadn鈥檛 taken place in Syntagma Square, we wouldn鈥檛 be talking about it today,鈥� says聽Konstantinos Lourantos, president of the pharmacists in Attica, on the periphery of Athens. 鈥淣o one has talked about the other 2,000 suicides that have taken place in over the past few years.鈥澛�

鈥淗e retired early so his pension was smaller than the 800 euros [or $1,044, a month] pharmacists are now getting after the cuts,鈥� says Mr. Lourantos, who knew Christoulas. 鈥淗e had health problems, but I remember he had dignity and he really didn鈥檛 want to become someone鈥檚 burden.鈥澛�

Although Christoulas is the first to commit such a public suicide since the Greek crisis began, there have been other attempts 鈥� a clear sign of the desperation that extreme austerity measures have caused.

In February, a married couple threatened to jump off the third floor of the public organization they worked at after they were told that it was closing because of state budget cuts. Without their jobs, they wouldn鈥檛 be able to afford the 1,600 euros ($2,088) a month they needed for medicine for their handicapped child.

In October, a man set himself on fire in Thessaloniki, the country鈥檚 second largest city, after a private bank threatened to take his house. In February, a state television employee committed suicide after his contract wasn鈥檛 renewed.

In 2011, suicides increased from the previous year by 45 percent, with the majority of them attributed to the economic crisis. The increase gives Greece claim to the highest increase in suicides in Europe.

Yesterday afternoon, hundreds of demonstrators left candles and flowers next to the tree in Syntagma Square, where Christoulas committed suicide. In the evening, the crowd turned violent and riot police fired tear gas and flash grenades against the protesters.聽

The demonstrations were organized via Facebook, and included an event called "Altogether at Syntamga so we don't get used to death." In the event description, an organizer writes, 鈥淲e can鈥檛 just watch them murdering people. Syntagma Square鈥檚 symbolism makes it meaningful and [calls] for an immediate reaction.鈥�

The square鈥檚 name means "Constitution" 鈥� a tragic irony, protestors say, since the Greek Constitution obliges the state to protect the right of human dignity and well-being.

With unemployment reaching 21 percent last month and the IMF forecasting a 4.7 percent contraction of the economy for 2012, the future seems bleak.聽 Elections are likely to be held in early May but the IMF has announced that it will ask the new government for new budget cuts.

鈥淭he government has to understand that it has to bring back optimism to Greeks鈥� lives,鈥� said Lourantos. 鈥淏ecause Greeks didn鈥檛 suddenly become depressed. We were always optimists, and loud, and enjoyed life. If they take that away, it鈥檚 like taking away life itself.鈥�

The protesters outside the Parliament chant 鈥渕urderers鈥� and 鈥渢raitors.鈥�

鈥淲e know and all studies show us that when the percentage of unemployment rises, the suicide rates also rise,鈥� says Thodoris Megaloikonomou, a psychiatrist at the Psychiatric Hospital of Attica. 鈥淚f you were in court, how would you call these people deciding on these austerity measures? Murderers, right?"

A new demonstration is scheduled for today at 6 pm local time to commemorate Christoulas and demonstrate against the austerity measures. Twenty percent of the population lives below the poverty line, according to UNICEF鈥檚 latest report released yesterday.

Marina Rigou contributed reporting.