海角大神

Cheap airfare and package deals make the possibilities of summer travel boundless, but Ana Simeon has an easier time narrowing down her options. She and her husband will stay at home in British Columbia, choosing among the local lakes, mountains, oceans, rivers, and forests for their vacation.

It鈥檚 a question of neither money nor time. Ms. Simeon has joined the burgeoning 鈥渇ly less鈥� movement, making an intentional choice to vacation closer to home and avoid polluting air travel whenever she can. 鈥淲e don鈥檛 need to go farther,鈥� she says.

Ms. Simeon is interested in other cultures and languages, having been born in Croatia and having traveled all across Europe by train as a youth. But she weighs that against the changes she sees around her. From her vantage on Vancouver Island, the most disconcerting is the increasing intensity of mainland wildfires which bring a blanket of smoke to her backyard each summer. 鈥淚 can see we may have to give up something to preserve livability.鈥�

Like most who have pledged to fly less, she knows her abstention alone won鈥檛 do much, that the flight she would have taken will still depart whether her seat is filled or not. But in modeling a different type of relationship to flying, the movement aims to shift behaviors and norms, whether that鈥檚 institutions opting for more teleconferencing or individuals more mindfully vacationing or visiting friends. Like the 鈥渟low food鈥� movement before it, this newest trend is all about 鈥渟low moving.鈥�

鈥淢aybe we should feel more grateful about our ability to travel,鈥� says Peter Kalmus, a California-based climate scientist who began the campaign No Fly Climate Sci, 鈥渁nd see travel as something very precious and be willing to go more slowly.鈥�

鈥業 didn鈥檛 belong in an airplane鈥�

Flying is responsible for at least 2% of man-made global greenhouse gas emissions, but among personal transport options, depending on how packed a car is or how long a route is, it is often the least efficient.

The airline industry has tried to green itself, but with sustainable options often expensive to maintain or in nascent stages of development, aviation relies primarily on carbon offsets. Yet many critics say offsets simply support the fossil fuel status quo, says Dr. Kalmus, who authored 鈥淏eing the Change: Live Well and Spark a Climate Revolution.鈥�

Dr. Kalmus carried out a personal carbon audit in 2010 after getting increasingly anxious about what he calls climate breakdown. As a budding academic at the time, he logged 50,000 miles that year, mostly attending conferences. He realized flying accounted for 75% 聽of the emissions he was responsible for.

Two years later he remembers buckling in for a flight to yet another conference when a wave overcame him. 鈥淚 had a really strong visceral feeling I didn鈥檛 belong in an airplane,鈥� he says. He hasn鈥檛 taken a flight since.

His campaign has drawn many academics, including Toby Spribille, a scientist at the University of Alberta, who has since 2017 reduced his flights by 90%. A conference on conservation held in Hawaii in 2016 was a turning point for him 鈥� in which those who should be on the front lines of change were seemingly indifferent to their carbon footprint. Today he insists on video conferencing wherever he can, even if that could hurt his tenure track, and even though he misses the personal interactions.

鈥淚鈥檓 one of these people of our time who loves traveling. I鈥檝e been to many countries, and I love it,鈥� he says. 鈥淏ut I have the feeling that the way things are going, with this entitlement and this privilege to fly anywhere, anytime and it鈥檚 getting cheaper and cheaper and cheaper, that some day our children are going to look back at this the way we now look at films in which people are smoking cigarettes on airplanes 鈥� and [say] 鈥榣ook at how frivolously we flew back then, we got on an airplane and gave no heed to the collective impact.鈥欌��

Flygskam and sacrifice

For now the airplane remains a strong status symbol. It鈥檚 a sign of career advancement and of social privilege, where Facebooking and Instagramming faraway vacations is the norm.

But consciousness around flying has grown in 2019, thanks in large part to Greta Thunberg, the teen activist from Sweden who has led global student protests this year and become an icon of a new generation of environmentalism. Her recent railway journey across Europe has highlighted a new word that鈥檚 found its way into the Swedish lexicon, flygskam, which means 鈥渇light shame.鈥�

The sentiment is driving many disparate movements, like a European one called Back-on-Track, which seeks a return of cross-border night train service, which has been cut in Europe as budget airlines have grown. In 2015 when聽Back-on-Track started, says Poul Kattler, a member from Denmark, it was split between environmentalists and those like himself who simply wanted what he calls a more 鈥渃ivilized鈥� mode of transport. He got involved because the night train he booked several times a summer from Copenhagen to Basel was discontinued. 鈥淏ut since then I鈥檝e been mobilized,鈥� he says.

It鈥檚 much easier for Europeans to give up flying since rail service is robust and distances are much shorter than those in the U.S. or Canada. It鈥檚 especially hard for families who live on different continents. Ms. Simeon compromises by visiting her family every two years, spending more time on each visit than if she went annually. Mr. Spribille is leaving in two weeks for Germany, where he has family, but tries to consolidate academic work and vacation into one transatlantic journey a year 鈥� not the four he counted in one particularly bad year.

Dr. Kalmus says such decisions entail sacrifice. He forwent a trip that his wife Sharon took with their two young boys to Paris 鈥� a seminal moment in their lives that he admits he was sad to miss.

He says if he could have sailed to Europe, he would have. He would have stayed longer, learned more about the language and culture of the place he was visiting, and then sailed home.

He doesn鈥檛 see this as backward looking, but an opportunity to frame the movement as one that could enrich lives 鈥� and that one day could even enrich travel itself. For him, flying less doesn鈥檛 mean limiting oneself. 鈥淲ithout planes,鈥� he contends, 鈥渙ur international experiences could be better than they are now.鈥�