海角大神

Standing next to a sign that counts down to June 7, Mexico's election day, campaign worker Pablo Livas says he has been 鈥渨ishing for another option鈥� in politics for more than a decade. 鈥淲e haven鈥檛 had the government we deserve,鈥� he says.

But today, a quick glance at Mr. Livas's baseball cap reveals his new sense of hope. It reads simply: 鈥淚 am El Bronco.鈥�

Mr. Livas is one of dozens of volunteers bustling around a former car dealership off a tree-lined square in Monterrey this week, intent on hawking聽Mexico鈥檚 newest model in political candidates: the independent.

The gubernatorial race here in the northern state of Nuevo Le贸n is heating up, with the first non-affiliated candidate, Jaime Rodr铆guez Calder贸n, aka 鈥淓l Bronco,鈥� posing a formidable threat to the incumbent Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Mr. Rodr铆guez is polling first or second in a handful of surveys, underscoring widespread frustration with government corruption and leadership. Some hope the presence of independent candidates can help boost voter turnout 鈥� and possibly even restore some faith in politics.聽

Rodr铆guez, in an interview in his car en route to his fourth campaign event of the day, says he has a sense of mission about his candidacy. 鈥淚 want to wake up the country,鈥� 聽he says. 鈥淣uevo Le贸n can set an example for Mexico by beating party politics.鈥�

Push for transparency

Back at campaign headquarters, Livas points at the floor-to-ceiling windows that he calls a symbol of the transparency he hopes independents can bring to the job. 鈥淚 wouldn鈥檛 support El Bronco if he weren鈥檛 independent,鈥� says Livas. In the past, he voted for the PRI; his father was a PRI governor here in the 1960s.

This is the first time in Mexico鈥檚 history that candidates in every state have been able to run for office 鈥� from governor and mayor to federal and state legislatures 鈥� without party backing. Some, like El Bronco, have a long history in politics, while others are new faces. Either way, it hasn鈥檛 been easy: Independents were required to gather thousands of signatures in order to run; campaign financing is severely limited; and they don鈥檛 have the same access to TV and radio spots as party contenders.

But the 2012 constitutional reform that paved the way for independents is timely, as corruption scandals have entangled all three top national parties. And if independents perform well in this election, many say, it could motivate independent candidates to enter the 2018 presidential election.

鈥淭he most important criticism is directed at the parties, and the message is very clear,鈥� says Alberto Aziz, a specialist in democracy and civil society at Mexico City鈥檚 Center for Research and Higher Learning in Social Anthropology.聽鈥淭hey are representatives that don鈥檛 represent their citizens. And it鈥檚 led to a real credibility crisis.鈥�

Part of the problem or solution?

At a parking lot in a working-class neighborhood an hour outside of Monterrey, another enthusiastic crowd is swaying to the jaunty tempo of a 苍辞谤迟别帽辞 band 鈥� its musicians wearing cowboy hats and squeezing an accordion.

鈥淏eneath the hat there鈥檚 a sincere Bronco, a candidate that will take care of all the people,鈥� the band sings on a recent afternoon, playing up Rodriguez鈥檚 straight-talking rancher image.

The candidate takes to the stage to underscore that point, peppering his speech with his trademark expletives and double entendres. His indelicate jabs at established parties are met by cheers from the crowd.

Later, when asked why his 30-plus years in the PRI don't tag him as a standard politician, his response is immediate: 鈥淚'm a citizen," he says. "I鈥檓 no politician, I鈥檓 politically incorrect.鈥�

Juanita Carolina Arredondo Vega, who is here with her mother, says Rodriguez deserves her vote because of his proposals 鈥� things like subsidized public transportation for students and food and medicine deliveries to the elderly. But what she really likes is his directness. 鈥淗e doesn鈥檛 use words that are hard to understand,鈥� she says. 鈥淗e鈥檚 talking to me.鈥�

About 8 in 10 Mexicans聽don鈥檛 trust political parties, according to a 2014 National Electoral Institute (INE) poll coordinated by The College of Mexico. That distrust increased by 16 percentage points between 2011 and 2014.

"In the past,聽Mexicans聽have said, 'we get that politicians might not be honest, but we want ones who are effective,'" says Duncan Wood, director of the Mexico Institute at the Wilson Center in Washington, D.C. "Now, it seems as though there's a sense that if you're with a party, you're part of the problem instead of the solution.鈥�

But numerous scandals have rocked Mexico in recent months, from the disappearance of 43 teacher鈥檚 college students in the state of Guerrero to extrajudicial killings in the state of Mexico to corruption allegations over a home purchase by the first lady.

Earlier this year, activists, academics, artists, and religious leaders began calling for citizens to protest the midterm election by not voting at all.聽But Jeffery Weldon, director of the political science department at the Autonomous Technological Institute of Mexico (ITAM) in Mexico City, says he expects absenteeism to be lower in regions where there鈥檚 an independent on the ticket.

鈥淚t鈥檚 another outlet for people to express their anti-partisan feelings by voting independent,鈥� he says.

Pedro Kumamoto, a young candidate for the state legislature in Jalisco, told El Pais newspaper that he represents a 鈥済eneration聽of discontent鈥� with politics in Mexico. He聽won鈥檛 accept campaign donations over $500,聽and he鈥檚聽publicly declared his assets, something only 303 other candidates had done as of May 27 in a field of thousands who are running for office at all levels. The recent college grad owns a 7-year-old car, has $560 in the bank, and declared nearly $2,000 in art.

An 'experiment?'

Still, independents are facing an uphill battle to finance their campaigns and reach voters, says Mr. Weldon. El Bronco鈥檚 campaign has relied heavily on social media, with catchy videos and chatty exchanges with constituents posted on Facebook and Twitter.聽

Between rallies Rodr铆guez swings by a local restaurant for a quick lunch of bean and beef tamales with sides of white cheese聽and avocado. He records an endorsement for a local mayoral candidate running for the Party of the Democratic Revolution聽and poses for photos with adoring fans, pausing to rub a hot pink lipstick stain from his shirt collar.

As with any 鈥渇irst,鈥� questions are swirling: Can an independent governor be effective without allied congressmen? Is a single independent federal or local legislator聽anything more than symbolic? Can someone be truly independent if they previously held office for an established party?

David Mart铆nez Segura, a political consultant active in Via Ciudadana, a citizen group that helped independents in Nuevo Le贸n gather signatures in order to run, says citizen participation will be key. 鈥淚f El Bronco wins, he will need citizens to be incredibly active; to go to congress to ask for things,鈥� Mr. Mart铆nez says, something he鈥檚 skeptical will happen.

鈥淔or me, this is an experiment,鈥� says Nallely Frias, a young woman standing outside El Bronco鈥檚 campaign headquarters, referring to his prior PRI affiliation. "I hope it turns out how we hope, but I can't be sure it will."

Others are just happy to see something different on the menu. 聽

鈥淚 don鈥檛 see this as black and white,鈥� says anticorruption activist Miguel Trevi帽o de Hoyos. 鈥淚鈥檓 just happy to see these elections driving new alternatives.鈥�