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Almost 200 nations accepted a compromise deal Saturday aimed at keeping a key global warming target alive, but it contained a last-minute change that watered down crucial language about coal.

Several countries, including small island states, said they were deeply disappointed by the change promoted by India to 鈥減hase down,鈥� rather than 鈥減hase out鈥� coal power, the single biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions.

鈥淥ur fragile planet is hanging by a thread,鈥� United Nations Sec.-Gen. Antonio Guterres said in a statement. 鈥淲e are still knocking on the door of climate catastrophe.鈥�

Nation after nation had complained after two weeks of U.N. climate talks in Glasgow, Scotland, about how the deal did not go far or fast enough. But they said it was better than nothing and provided incremental progress, if not success.

In the end, the summit broke ground by singling out coal, however weakly, by setting the rules for international trading of carbon credits, and by telling big polluters to come back next year with improved pledges for cutting emissions.

But domestic priorities both political and economic again kept nations from committing to the fast, big cuts that scientists say are needed to keep warming below dangerous levels which would produce extreme weather and rising seas capable of erasing some island nations.

Ahead of the Glasgow talks, the United Nations had set three criteria for success, and none of them were achieved. The U.N.鈥檚 criteria included pledges to cut carbon dioxide emissions in half by 2030, $100 billion in financial aid from rich nations to poor, and ensuring that half of that money went to helping the developing world adapt to the worst effects of climate change.

鈥淲e did not achieve these goals at this conference,鈥� Mr. Guterres said. 鈥淏ut we have some building blocks for progress.鈥�

Swiss environment minister Simonetta Sommaruga said the change will make it harder to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) since pre-industrial times 鈥� the more stringent threshold set in the 2015 Paris Agreement.

Kerry: Solution is closer than ever

U.S. climate envoy John Kerry said governments had no choice but to accept India鈥檚 coal language change: 鈥淚f we hadn鈥檛 done that we wouldn鈥檛 have had an agreement.鈥�

But he insisted the deal was good news for the world.

鈥淲e are in fact closer than we have ever been before to avoiding climate chaos and securing cleaning air, safer water, and healthier planet,鈥� he said later at a news conference.

Many other nations and climate campaigners criticized India for making demands that weakened the final agreement.

鈥淚ndia鈥檚 last-minute change to the language to phase down but not phase out coal is quite shocking,鈥� said Australian climate scientist Bill Hare, who tracks world emission pledges for the science-based Climate Action Tracker. 鈥淚ndia has long been a blocker on climate action, but I have never seen it done so publicly.鈥�

Others approached the deal from a more positive perspective. In addition to the revised coal language, the Glasgow Climate Pact included enough financial incentives to almost satisfy poorer nations and solved a long-standing problem to pave the way for carbon trading.

The agreement also says big carbon polluting nations have to come back and submit stronger emission cutting pledges by the end of 2022.

Negotiators said the deal preserved, albeit barely, the overarching goal of limiting Earth鈥檚 warming by the end of the century to 1.5 degrees. The planet has already warmed 1.1 degrees Celsius (2 degrees Fahrenheit) compared with preindustrial times.

More 鈥減rogress鈥� than 鈥渟uccess鈥�

Governments used the word 鈥減rogress鈥� more than 20 times Saturday, but rarely used the word 鈥渟uccess鈥� and then mostly in that they鈥檝e reached a conclusion, not about the details in the agreement. Conference President Alok Sharma said the deal drives 鈥減rogress on coal, cars, cash and trees鈥欌�� and is 鈥渟omething meaningful for our people and our planet.鈥�

Environmental activists were measured in their not-quite-glowing assessments, issued before India鈥檚 last minute change.

鈥淚t鈥檚 meek, it鈥檚 weak, and the 1.5 C goal is only just alive, but a signal has been sent that the era of coal is ending. And that matters,鈥� said Greenpeace International Executive Director Jennifer Morgan, a veteran of the U.N. climate talks known as the Conferences of Parties.

Former Irish President Mary Robinson, speaking for a group of retired leaders called The Elders, said the pact represents 鈥渟ome progress, but nowhere near enough to avoid climate disaster. ... People will see this as a historically shameful dereliction of duty.鈥�

Indian Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav argued against a provision on phasing out coal, saying that developing countries were 鈥渆ntitled to the responsible use of fossil fuels.鈥�

Mr. Yadav blamed 鈥渦nsustainable lifestyles and wasteful consumption patterns鈥� in rich countries for causing global warming. After he first raised the specter of changing the coal language, a frustrated European Union Vice President Frans Timmermans, the 27-nation EU鈥檚 climate envoy, begged negotiators to be united for future generations.

鈥淔or heaven鈥檚 sake, don鈥檛 kill this moment,鈥� Mr. Timmermans pleaded. 鈥淧lease embrace this text so that we bring hope to the hearts of our children and grandchildren.鈥�

鈥淐oal is dead鈥�

Helen Mountford, vice president of the World Resources Institute think tank, said India鈥檚 demand may not matter as much as feared because the economics of cheaper, renewable fuel is making coal increasingly obsolete.

鈥淐oal is dead. Coal is being phased out,鈥� she said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 a shame that they watered it down.鈥�

Mr. Kerry and several other negotiators said that good compromises leave everyone slightly unsatisfied and that countries had more work ahead of them over the coming years.

鈥淧aris built the arena and Glasgow starts the race,鈥� the veteran U.S. diplomat said. 鈥淎nd tonight the starting gun was fired.鈥�

Chinese negotiator Zhao Yingmin echoed that sentiment. 鈥淚 think our biggest success is to finalize the rulebook,鈥� he told the Associated Press.

Among those highlighting the cost of failure was Aminath Shauna, the Maldives鈥� minister for environment, climate change and technology.

Ms. Shauna pointed out that to stay within the warming limit nations agreed in Paris, the world must cut carbon dioxide emissions essentially in half in 98 months 鈥� a formidable task.

鈥淭he difference between 1.5 and 2 degrees is a death sentence for us,鈥� she said.

As negotiators left the final session after congratulating themselves, they passed a young lone protester who sat silently with red blood-like writing on crossed arms that said: 鈥淲e are watching.鈥�

This story was reported by The Associated Press.