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Muslim women, who have long lagged far behind their male counterparts in education, are now catching up quickly 鈥� and in some cases surpassing them.

According to聽a study published Tuesday by Pew Research, young women in Muslim countries today have an average of six years of education 鈥� only 1.1 years less than their male counterparts. That marks a significant improvement over the oldest generation analyzed, in which women averaged only 2.5 years of schooling compared to 4.6 years for men.

And in the wealthy Gulf states of Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Bahrain, education gains among Muslim women have been so impressive,聽notes Pew, that gender trends have actually reversed. In Qatar for example,聽the richest country in the world, 51 percent of young female adults have a higher education, compared with 34 percent of their male counterparts.

鈥淲omen are not just outnumbering males, they are outperforming them,鈥� including in areas like math and science, says Fida Adely, a professor of Arab studies at Georgetown University in Washington.

However,聽educational achievement and employment opportunities 鈥� an important catalyst for women鈥檚 independence and social equality 鈥� don鈥檛 always go hand in hand in these states.

鈥淭he question is not whether or not they will get an education, but if that education will lead to jobs,鈥� says Shibley Telhami, a politics professor at the University of Maryland and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institute in Washington. 鈥淲e鈥檝e done a lot of studies, and the minute women begin earning wages they can become more independent.鈥�

With聽the exception of Kuwait, the employment rate of women in Gulf states is lower than rates in other Muslim countries, a factor that Dr. Telhami attributes to the Gulf鈥檚 oil economies.

By comparison, the developing countries of Sudan and the Gambia have female employment rates similar to the United States, while the Muslim gender gap in education in sub-Saharan widened slightly for the youngest generation of women.

Improving educational equality is not just in the interest of women; it can also simultaneously improve a nation鈥檚 economy, experts say.

鈥淭he benefits to societies and economies have become obvious,鈥� Kathy Matsui, chief Japan strategist at Goldman Sachs, writes for Bloomberg. 鈥淓ducated women contribute to the quality, size, and productivity of the workforce鈥�.聽Our聽research聽shows that investments in female education can yield a 鈥榞rowth premium鈥� in GDP trends and that narrowing the gender gap in employment can boost per capita income.鈥�

But it can take time to chip away at cultural and religious views that discourage women from working. Telhami, who has done his own polling for 10 years, says that roughly 25 percent of the population in these countries feel women should never have the right to work outside the home due to religious teachings or societal tradition.

While there is still an "ultraconservative" segment in these societies, however, a plurality say women should have the right to work outside the home when needed for financial reasons 鈥� while still others say they always should be allowed, regardless of a family's economic situation.

鈥淚t鈥檚 a fluid thing 鈥� people start shifting positions. Suddenly your daughter or wife is capable of pitching in by earning extra wages, and people start shifting their views,鈥� says Telhami. 鈥淭he moment society sees women with a job as an asset, it鈥檚 a powerful thing.鈥�

Dr. Adely of Georgetown says it鈥檚 important to take the long view. Looking at the US, for example, twice as many men聽earned bachelor degrees in the 1960s, and today, women earn about one-third more bachelor's degrees than men.聽And in the 1950s, only聽34 percent聽of American women participated in the US workforce, compared with 57 percent in 2014, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

鈥淚 like to put it in historical perspective 鈥� these things don鈥檛 happen overnight,鈥� says Adely. 鈥淚t鈥檚 taken us decades in the United States to get to the point where it鈥檚 OK for women to go to work.鈥�