海角大神

As May 2 draws closer, hype for the long-awaited face-off between Manny Pacquiao and Floyd Mayweather, Jr. is reaching fever pitch.

But a few key voices in sports media have refused to get caught in the tsunami of excitement surrounding the match, instead calling for a boycott of the fight in protest of Mr. Mayweather鈥檚 history of domestic violence.

Their dissent raises important questions about gray areas in sports and entertainment. When, for instance, does watching a sports event become a way of condoning violence and injustice? Do audiences and fans have an obligation to take a stand against these issues when their favorite celebrity athletes are involved, or are affairs of morality and crime outside the scope of a good game, match-up, or draft pick?

For ESPN commentator Keith Olbermann, such questions are critical when fans decide which athletes to watch and support. In Mayweather鈥檚 case, he said, 鈥淭he choices are about where we as sports fans, where we as human beings, draw the line about domestic violence in this country.鈥�

A history of violence

Accusations of domestic abuse have dogged Mayweather for over a decade. One instance involving a fight with two women at a Las Vegas nightclub led to a conviction in 2004.

He also served two months of a 90-day sentence in a Nevada county jail after pleading guilty in 2011 to 鈥渞educed domestic battery charges stemming from a hair-pulling, arm-twisting attack on his former girlfriend, Josie Harris, while two of their three children watched,鈥� The Associated Press reported.

All in all, Mayweather has been convicted five times since 2001, according to last week鈥檚 episode of ESPN鈥檚 investigative series, 鈥淥utside the Lines.鈥�

It鈥檚 this history that has some critics cringing from any show of support for the celebrated boxer 鈥� even if it involves cheering on his opponent.

鈥淸I]n theory it should be a treat to throw down $99 and root like hell for Pacquiao to do to Floyd Mayweather what Mayweather鈥檚 done to so many women,鈥� sports journalist Melissa Jacobs wrote for The Guardian. 鈥淏ut Mayweather鈥檚 not just someone who鈥檚 made a few mistakes. Boxing [sic] biggest star is so much worse than a sports villain. He鈥檚 a real villain.鈥�

Olbermann is less circumspect: 鈥淵ou will support this excuse for a man?鈥� he asked during an episode of his late-night program last week. 鈥淵ou will help him continue to behave as if his conduct is acceptable in the 21st century, or the 20th, or the 19th? I won鈥檛. I regret this deeply.鈥�

Then there鈥檚 the matter of the money. Billed as 鈥淭he Fight of the Century,鈥� the Pacquiao-Mayweather bout is expected to rake in hundreds of millions of dollars in ticket and pay-per-view sales. And win or lose, each fighter is set to take home well over $100 million, 鈥渁bout double the biggest previous boxing payout,鈥� according to The New York Times.聽

鈥淚 met Manny Pacquiao last year, and a quieter, more respectful, more dignified boxer I鈥檝e never encountered,鈥� Olbermann said. 鈥淢ay he make millions more, but I will not give Floyd Mayweather a dime.鈥� (It鈥檚 worth noting that Pacquiao is no angel; the boxer has been fighting both the IRS and tax authorities in his home country of the Philippines, and, before turning to God and the Bible, had a tumultuous marriage marred by gambling and infidelity.)

Critics have also pointed out that Mayweather has never been sanctioned by boxing officials in relation to any of his domestic violence cases 鈥� an issue that reporter John Barr raised with the Nevada State Athletic Commission鈥檚 (NSAV) Pat Lundvall in last week鈥檚 鈥淥utside the Lines.鈥�

鈥淒o I think that domestic violence is a very serious issue? Absolutely,鈥� said Ms. Lundvall, who was part of the five-person panel that issued Mayweather a boxing license before he served his jail sentence. 鈥淸But] Mr. Mayweather was punished by the criminal justice system. He served his punishment. He paid his debt to society.鈥�

Beyond boxing

To be fair, it鈥檚 not just Mayweather or boxing. According to a 2010 Harvard study:聽

The National Football League in particular has faced plenty of controversy over athletes such as Greg Hardy, James Harrison, and Ray McDonald being named in domestic abuse cases.

What broke it open for the NFL was Ray Rice, who last year was caught on camera knocking out his fianc茅e in an elevator. The league鈥檚 officials suspended Mr. Rice indefinitely, though the former Baltimore Ravens running back has since publicly apologized and won an appeal to lift the suspension.

To its credit, the NFL has taken steps to combat domestic violence in its ranks. Late last year, officials instituted a new personal conduct policy that holds players accountable for their deeds (or misdeeds) even before they join the league and establishes standards of behavior for all NFL employees. The league has also聽hired a disciplinary officer as special counsel on issues regarding violent behavior.聽

But critics have noted that such a response came only after security footage surfaced that showed Rice punching a woman.

鈥淭he Ravens were forced to take action against Rice because his attack was right there on tape for all to see,鈥� ESPN reporter Sarah Spain wrote last year. 鈥淭he message, then, is that domestic violence is an issue only if the act is captured on tape.鈥�

Ms. Spain added: